Sand oats

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Sand oats
Sand oats (Avena strigosa), illustration

Sand oats ( Avena strigosa ), illustration

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Pooideae
Genre : Oats ( Avena )
Type : Sand oats
Scientific name
Avena strigosa
Schreb.

The sand oat or rough oat ( Avena strigosa ) is an old, now rarely cultivated crop of the oats ( Avena ) genus of the sweet grasses . It was grown as a grain in areas where the seed oats ( Avena sativa ) no longer thrive.

description

The sand oat is an annual plant of blue-green color and sometimes heavily frosted. The stalks are 40 to 120, rarely up to 150 cm, they are bare and have three to five knots .

The leaf sheaths are glabrous, the lower are hairy scattered. The ligule is a membranous border 2 to 5 mm long. The leaf blade is 8 to 25, rarely up to 40 cm long, 5 to 10 mm wide, rough and flat.

The inflorescence is an 8 to 30 cm long panicle that is up to 10 cm wide, upright, loose and usually one-sided. The spikelets are two-flowered, rarely one or three-flowered. Without awns, they are 16 to 24 mm long and do not disintegrate when ripe. The glumes are almost the same size, have seven to nine nerves and are as long as the spikelet. The lower glume is slightly shorter than the upper. They are lanceolate, pointed, glabrous and membranous. The lemmas are seven-veined. Up to the tip of the side lobes, i.e. without side awns, they are 12 to 17 mm long, lanceolate and deeply incised at the upper end. The two side lobes each end in a 3 to 9 mm long awn. They are glabrous, partly slightly hairy in the upper half, when ripe they become brownish to blackish, shiny and thick. On her back below the middle she carries an awn that is 20 to 30 mm long, kneeling and twisted in the lower part. The palea are 10 to 14 mm long. The anthers are 2.5 to 4 mm long. Flowering time is June to August.

The fruits ( caryopses ) are 7 to 8 mm long and hairy.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

Distribution and locations

The sand oat is originally widespread in Western Europe, but was also grown in Central and Eastern Europe. The area of ​​origin is Portugal, Spain, France and Corsica.

After the cultivation has been abandoned, the sand oats usually grow as weeds in seed oat fields, but can also be found in debris and on paths. It occurs in companies of the Aperion spicae-venti association. It has disappeared again in many areas of its previous cultivation.

In Germany the species is endangered in Schleswig-Holstein, extinct in Hesse, absent or inconsistent in the other federal states. It is classified as an inconsistent species or a cultivated species. In Austria, the sand oat occurs scattered to very rarely and has been proven for the federal states of Burgenland, Vienna, Lower and Upper Austria, Styria and Salzburg. There are insufficient data for Switzerland, where the sand oats are considered a purely cultivated plant.

use

Until about the end of the 19th century, the sand oats were cultivated, especially in western Europe, in areas that are no longer suitable for the seed oats . Examples are the mountainous landscapes of Wales or the islands in the west and north of Scotland . It was used as with the seed oats.

Sand oats are currently often used as freezing green manure in arable and vegetable crops .

Common names

Other German-language trivial names are or were used, in some cases only regionally, the terms Eichelhafer , Flugafer , Purhafer ( Mecklenburg ), Raubhafer ( Unterweser ), Spitzhafer and Swarthafer (Unterweser).

supporting documents

  • Hans Joachim Conert: Parey's grass book. Recognize and determine the grasses of Germany . Parey, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-8263-3327-6 , pp. 192 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  246 .
  2. ↑ Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: Our grasses. Sweet grasses, sour grasses, rushes (= Kosmos nature guide ). 10th revised and expanded edition. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-440-06201-5 , p. 114.
  3. ^ A b Charles Edward Hubbard: Grasses. A Guide to their Structure, Identification, Uses and Distribution in the British Isles. Revised by JCE Hubbard. 3. Edition. Penguin, London 1992, ISBN 0-14-013227-9 , p. 235.
  4. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Avena strigosa. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 25, 2020.
  5. ↑ FloraWeb , accessed July 16, 2008.
  6. ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
  7. ^ Avena strigosa. In: Info Flora (The national data and information center for Swiss flora) , accessed on May 16, 2015.
  8. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 54, online.

Web links

Commons : Avena strigosa  - collection of images, videos and audio files