Sant'Antonio Abate all'Esquilino
| Basic data | |
|---|---|
| Patronage : | Saint Anthony |
| Consecration day : | Last October 30, 1932 |
| Address: |
Via Carlo Alberto, 2nd floor 00154 Roma |
Sant'Antonio Abate all'Esquilino , also Sant'Antonio Abate sull'Esquilino , is a church in Rome . It is the church of the Pontifical Collegium Russicum , i.e. the Russian-speaking seminarians of the Jesuits in Rome. In its current form, it was essentially built in the 15th century, but it stands on some ancient remains of previous buildings. The name of the church has varied over the centuries. It contains frescoes and works of art by Niccolò Circignani , known as Pomarancio, among others .
Location and naming
The church is in the XV. Roman Rione Esquilino , about 150 meters southwest of the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore . It got its current name - only since the beginning of the 14th century - from Antonius the Great and from its location in the district named after the Esquiline .
History and building history
The father of the Roman city prefect Iunius Bassus Theotecnius had an auditorium built on the present site in the early 4th century . Even after the excavations in 1929/30, it is still unclear what use the building was; it could be used as a library or a schola domestica . In the third quarter of the 5th century, a Flavius Thedobius Valila is known as the owner , he was an officer of the emperor Anthemius . At the latest after Valila donated the area to Pope Simplicius , the building became a church under the name of Sant'Andrea cata Barbara . A mosaic with a dedication above it is known but no longer preserved. She was given the nickname Barbara because a daughter of a Roman governor with this name founded a male monastery here, but that is not certain. Under the name basilica S. Andreae apostoli post praesepe it was run under Pope Gregory the Great . Pope Leo III had the church restored and wall paintings attached. It has yet another name under Pope Benedict VIII in 1024, when he assigned the abbots of Fulda to the church as the place of their stay in Rome; in the document it is called Sant'Andrea exaiulo , probably a derivation of the surrounding gardens or flowerbeds ( ital .: aiula ). The names Santi Andrea in Assaia and S. Andrea in Piscin [u] la are also known. A hospital for people suffering from the Antonius fire was established from 1266 through a foundation from the will of Cardinal Pietro Capocci , also in that year the existing monastery was expanded into a double monastery for men and women, and in 1269 Antonians from France were called to take care of the hospital. It was not until a new building was built in 1308 that the church was consecrated to its current patron. The structure of the current building owes its structure to the renewed building from 1481. Domenico Fontana was commissioned with a planned extension of the building, but from 1583 it probably stopped. At the end of the 17th century the church was dilapidated. The choir and the sacristy were built from 1724 and the interior was completely redesigned. From 1777 the church belonged to the Camaldolese women until it was profaned in 1871. Until 1870 on 17 January each year were outside the church foot and draft animals of the Pope, blessed his followers and Roman families, the church was the seat of the existing since 1437 Università dei Mulattieri , so the society of the Roman mule driver. After various functions, the Roman Catholic Church acquired the site again in 1928, already with the intention of accommodating the Collegium Russicum here. The Russian Uniate Church was monastery and church of Pope Pius XI. then handed over in 1932, the facade was redesigned in 1933.
facade
The facade above the double staircase is three-axis and two-story, the central projection emerges. Arched windows are inserted into the surface of the lateral axes, while a round window is inserted above the portal on the upper floor of the central section. The portal itself dates back to the Romanesque construction, it is the only preserved Romanesque Stufentor in Rome, probably it was in the period 1262 to 1266. In the portal, columns and pilasters alternate on the side of the portal attached corbels for the small roof above sphinxes sit on the inscription . The small inscription above the portal refers to Cardinal Capocci as the founder. The large inscription below the simple triangular pediment reads: PIVS XI PONT. MAX. A. XI .
Interior and outfit
The church in its current form is a pillar basilica , so it has three naves . The transept does not extend across the width of the ships. The church is covered in the central nave by a barrel vault with stitch caps and in the side aisles by groin vaults. The crossing is not covered. The original girders of the old church were sheathed during the renovation in the 18th century, which resulted in today's pillars that support the high walls of the central nave. They are accompanied by pilasters with capitals of the composite order.
There are frescoes on the walls of the aisles , the cycle of pictures depicts scenes from the life of St. Anthony . The frescoes have various coats of arms, such as those of Cardinal Charles d'Angennes de Rambouillet , Louis de Langeac and Pope Sixtus V. The frescoes were created by Giovanni Battista Lombardelli around 1585/86, but after that some were painted over by an unknown in the 18th century, some of them heavily.
The church has a side chapel , accessible from the right aisle; the basic structure of the room is built over a Greek cross with a dome. The frescoes on these walls are by Lombardelli, while one of the frescoes in the dome drum is by Pomarancio, it depicts the story of Duke Balacio of Egypt, who was bitten by his horse . The former altarpiece of this chapel was also created by this artist .
The choir is behind the iconostasis , some of the pictures on it are by Grigorij Malzev . The fresco of the high altar is a work by Giovanni Odazzi , it depicts the crucifixion of Christ . It is the sequel to the same subject of a fresco previously painted here by Pomarancio.
literature
- Walter Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome . 1st volume, Brothers Hollinek publishing house, Vienna 1967.
- Mariano Armellini: Le Chiese di Roma . Roma 1891.
- Christian Hülsen : Le Chiese di Roma nel Medio Evo . Firenze 1927.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 405.
- ↑ Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 406.
- ↑ Position in Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 406.
- ↑ Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 407.
- ↑ a b c Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 408.
- ↑ Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 410.
Coordinates: 41 ° 53 ′ 49.1 ″ N , 12 ° 30 ′ 1.5 ″ E