Sarcoglottis

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sarcoglottis
Sarcoglottis heringeri

Sarcoglottis heringeri

Systematics
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Orchidoideae
Tribe : Cranichideae
Sub tribus : Spiranthinae
Genre : Sarcoglottis
Scientific name
Sarcoglottis
Poit. ex Rich.

Sarcoglottis is a genus from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae). It contains 50 species that are common in tropical America.

description

The Sarcoglottis species are small, herbaceous plants that grow terrestrially. The roots stand together in clusters (occasionally also along a rhizome ), they are fleshy and thickened cylindrical to bulbous. The leaves are in a basal rosette. The petiole is short or indistinct, the leaf blade is broad to narrow oval. The leaves are mostly green, but some species also have a light pattern or reddish brown with a green pattern.

The racemose inflorescence is few to many flowers , the flowers are fleshy and showy. The upright inflorescence axis is hairy, especially in the upper area. The tubular bracts partially surround the peduncle. The flowers of some species are fragrant; they are greenish, yellow, white, pink or reddish brown in color. The ovary is cylindrical to spindle-shaped, sessile or very short stalked, hardly twisted, usually hairy. The sepals are roughly parallel to each other in the lower part, further forward they are turned back, on the outside they are usually somewhat hairy. The dorsal sepal is concave, together with the petals it forms a cap over the flower. The lateral sepals run down to the base of the ovary and are asymmetrical. The lip is fleshy, abruptly narrowed (nailed) at the base and arrow-shaped there. The sides of the lip are turned up and cling to the column , at the top the lip is turned back. The column is rather short, reaching beyond the point of attachment at the ovary at the base ("column foot"). The column foot runs down the ovary and together with this and the lateral sepals forms an internal nectarium (cuniculus). The scar consists of two separate or one adjacent surface. The dividing tissue between the stigma and stamen (rostellum) is linear to tongue-shaped, it ends cut off. The stamen is elongated-oval, it ends bluntly. It contains the elongated, light yellow pollinia that hang on a gray to blue adhesive disc (Viscidium). The capsule fruit is oval to spindle-shaped, it contains numerous narrow spindle-shaped seeds .

In some species, magnificent bees of the genus Euglossa have been observed as pollinators. The adhesive disc points upwards, the pollinia are attached below the mouthparts of the insect.

Occurrence

Sarcoglottis occurs in tropical and subtropical America. From Mexico in the north the distribution area stretches across the Caribbean and the northern half of South America to Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay in the south. They colonize altitudes up to 2700 meters. The individual species occur in different forms of vegetation, in damp or drier forests, in swamps or in various bushes and grasslands.

Systematics and botanical history

Sarcoglottis is classified within the tribe Cranichideae in the subtribe Spiranthinae . The genus was described by Presl in 1827 . The name comes from the Greek words σάρξ sarkos for “meat” and γλῶσσα ( att. Γλῶττα ) glotta , “tongue”, and refers to the texture of the labellum. Presl's type species was Sarcoglottis speciosa , a synonym for the Sarcoglottis acaulis described as Neottia acaulis as early as 1806 .

Burns Balogh grouped the genera Cyclopogon , Pelexia and Sarcoglottis to the " Sarcoglottis alliance", later summarized by Szlachetko in a separate subtribe Cyclopogoninae. According to DNA studies, Sarcoglottis is closely related to Sauroglossum , Odontorrhynchus , Cyclopogon and Pelexia .

Sarcoglottis acaulis
Illustration of Sarcoglottis biflora (Fig. II, right) and Sarcoglottis uliginosa (Fig. I, left)
Sarcoglottis grandiflora , illustration from Curtis' "Botanical Magazine"
Sarcoglottis sceptrodes

The genus Sarcoglottis contains the following species :

literature

  • Leslie A. Garay: 225 (1). Orchidaceae (Cypripedioideae, Orchidoideae and Neottioideae) . In: Gunnar Harling, Benkt Sparre (ed.): Flora of Ecuador . tape 9 , 1978, ISSN  0347-8742 , p. 259 .
  • Leslie A. Garay: A generic revision of the Spiranthinae . In: Botanical Museum Leaflets of Harvard University . tape 28 , no. 4 , 1982.
  • Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3 . Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Sarcoglottis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Accessed March 31, 2020.
  2. ↑ a b Leslie Garay: Sarcoglottis . In: A generic revision of the Spiranthinae . Pp. 352-353.
  3. ↑ a b c d Gerardo Salazar: Sarcoglottis . In: Genera Orchidacearum . Vol. 3, p. 259.
  4. ↑ Rodrigo B. Singer, Marlies Sazima: The pollination mechanism in the 'Sarcoglottis alliance' (Orchidaceae: Spiranthinae) . In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society . tape 131 , 1999, pp. 249-262 ( sazima.org [PDF]).
  5. ↑ Gerardo A. Salazar, Mark W. Chase, Miguel A. Soto Arenas, Martin Ingrouille: Phylogenetics of Cranichideae with emphasis on Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae, Orchidoideae): evidence from plastid and nuclear DNA sequences . In: American Journal of Botany . tape 90 , no. 5 , 2003, p. 777-795 .
  6. ↑ Aída Álvarez-Molina, Kenneth M. Cameron: Molecular phylogenetics of Prescottiinae s. l. and theit close allies (Orchidaceae, Cranichideae) inferred from plastid and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences . In: American Journal of Botany . tape 96 , no. 5 , 2009, p. 1020-1040 , doi : 10.3732 / ajb.0800219 .

See also

Web links

Commons : Sarcoglottis  - album with pictures, videos and audio files