Savolschje (Region)

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The region Zavolzhye ( Russian Заволжье ; literally, behind the Volga) is a Russian landscape that extends beyond the left (west) Volga bank, between the Volga , the Urals , the northern Russian ridge and the Caspian basin . A distinction is made between the High Sawolschje (Russian Высокое Заволжье; transcription: Wysokoe Sawolschje; height up to 418 m) in the east and the Low Sawolschje (Russian Низкое Заволжье; transcription: Niskoe Sawolschje) in the west.

The names of the cities Savolschsk and Savolschje are derived from the Savolschje region.

High Savolschye

The High Savolschye includes the elevations:

  • Upper Kama Upland ( Russian возвышенность Верхнекамская , Werchnekamskaja woswyschennost) (height to 337 m);
  • Vyatsky Uwal ( Russian Вятский Увал ) (height up to 284 m);
  • Bugulminsko-Beelbejewskaja-survey ( Russian Бугульминско-Белебеевская возвышенность , Bugulminsko Beelbejewskaja voswyschennost) (height up to 418 m);
  • Obschtschi Syrt ( Russian Общий Сырт ) (height up to 405 m).

In the Haute Savolschje there are rocks and minerals from the Permian : sandstone , mica schist , marl , limestone , dolomite and gypsum . In the south there are clay minerals and sand that was formed in the Mesozoic Era . The ground relief is marked by erosion. The uppermost rock layer is formed by the last remains of earlier elevations - heavily weathered hills with even slopes and a round knoll, so-called Schichani (Russian шиханы). The Schichani in the Savolozhye region and in the western Urals are remnants of limestone reefs of an ancient sea.

The lower erosion layers in the High Zavolschje region are flat. Karst areas are widespread here.

In the Zavolschje steppe between the Kama River and the city of Samara there used to be many pine forests. That was still the case in the 7th to 13th centuries, when the empire of the Volga Bulgarians existed here. An Arab traveler reported in the 12th century that the houses of the Bulgarians were built from pine logs. The Russian traveler Nikolaj Rytschkow (Николай Петрович Рычков; 1746–1784) found "some pine forests in the mountains" here. At the moment only a few smaller pine forests have been preserved, which are scattered over the area of ​​the High Zavolschje region, especially on rocky hills or gravel hills and on steep slopes. The preservation of these pine forests is of great importance for science and forestry.

Lower Savolschye

The Lower Zavolschje is level, has a height of 125 to 150 m and extends between the left bank of the Volga from Kazan to Kamyshin . It is a tectonic fold that was filled in with sand and clay deposits from the Caspian Sea in the Cenozoic . The Savolschje region is characterized by forests, forest steppes and steppes with a continental climate. The Savolschye region is rich in oil deposits. The Volga-Ural oil and gas deposits are also located here.