Schönfließ (Eisenhüttenstadt)
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Schönfließ
City of Eisenhüttenstadt
Coordinates: 52 ° 9 ′ 3 ″ N , 14 ° 37 ′ 8 ″ E
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| Height : | 46 m above sea level NHN |
| Residents : | 3139 (December 31, 2016) |
| Incorporation : | July 1, 1950 |
| Incorporated into: | Fürstenberg (Oder) |
| Postal code : | 15890 |
| Area code : | 03364 |
Schönfließ is a district of Eisenhüttenstadt . The formerly independent village is located near the Oder , about 25 km south of Frankfurt (Oder) and 25 km north of Guben , 120 km southeast of Berlin, almost on the Polish border.
The name of the place arose from the river, which runs through the community from west to east and on the banks of which the farms were built, to which the associated stables and fields were connected.
history
middle Ages
Schönfließ was first mentioned in a Rathenow document from 1316. Thereafter, on June 4, 1316, Margrave Johann von Brandenburg sold the town of Fürstenberg (Oder) , Castle Schiedlo and the villages of Schönfließ, Diehlo , Ratzdorf , Ziltendorf and Lawitz to the Neuzelle Monastery , which owned the village until secularization in 1817 remained. The Schönfließer farmers had to pay the Cistercians in addition to the manual and clamping services to be performed annually also in kind, u. a. Chickens, cereals, honey and wine.
Thirty Years' War
In 1618 Schönfließ had around 22 farmsteads. The buildings were wooden structures covered with straw or reeds. The Thirty Years' War caused great damage in 1637 and 1642. Of the 22 farmsteads, only nine remained after looting and pillage by Swedish troops. In the years after 1650 the village was rebuilt and restored to its old state.
The local government in the 18th century
In the years 1700 to 1765 the landowners on property number 1 were always Schulze or mayor. This included a Beischulze (a farm owner) and three to four lay judges (the village court).
End of monastery rule
In 1815 Niederlausitz became Prussian by a resolution of the Congress of Vienna . As a result, in a cabinet order of February 18, 1817 by King Friedrich Wilhelm III. Prussia repealed the Neuzelle Abbey and Monastery. The benefits in kind and service obligations to the monastery were converted into cash benefits and replaced. This happened in the years 1850/60.
The structural change in the village
In 1847, while a well was being built near the forestry department, lignite was found . The Fürstenberg merchant Thielenberg saw his great opportunity here. He brought miners over, bought the site and began mining coal in 1858. With the introduction of American wicker, the basket making trade received a significant boost. In the middle of the 19th century a basket makers guild was founded. The village began to change from a farming village to an industrial center. The transport structures in the region made a particular contribution to this:
- 1846/47 construction of the railway line Berlin - Breslau near Fürstenberg (Oder)
- 1889-90 construction of the road Fürstenberg (Oder) - Fünfeichen through the town
- 1890 Construction of the Oder-Spree Canal
- 1894/95 construction of the road to Diehlo.
The mining brought more people to the village. On December 1, 1845, the population was 467, at the census on June 16, 1925, 1334. The increase in population increased the need for commercial facilities, and the school had to be expanded. This expansion was supported by the owner of the brown coal mine. In 1905 the new school building on Müllroser Strasse was ceremoniously handed over to the school authorities.
According to an existing log book of the former Schönfließer Bergmannsverein, this was probably founded in 1897. He took over the care of his members in the event of illness and accident as well as the support of the bereaved in the event of death. A miners' festival with a ball took place in February and summer.
In 1926 there were 49 industrial and commercial facilities in the village, including:
- a wood wool factory ,
- two steam bricks,
- a steam sawmill,
- three inns,
- three bakeries,
- three butcheries,
- five grocery stores,
- a consumer shop,
- nineteen basket makers,
- a farriery forge,
- a locksmith with bicycle trade,
- a carpentry and cartwright shop,
- a shoemaker,
- two hairdressers,
- a nursery
- a painting and painting company.
Second World War
From mid-1944 onwards, Rheinmetall-Borsig outsourced part of its armaments production to Schönfließ. To the north of the village, on Alte Poststrasse, a production facility for “Oder Gerätebau” was built, in which parts of aircraft on-board weapons were manufactured. Women from the region as well as Italian prisoners and women from the Ravensbrück concentration camp were employed there. After the war, the factory was dismantled as a reparation payment and its buildings were blown up.
At the end of January 1945 the front reached Schönfließ and the residents had to leave their village. After the end of the war, many residents returned and found a village looted by the Waffen SS.
post war period
In October 1945 school lessons began again in the village. Two old and three new teachers taught in Schönfließ. Later a central school was set up on site, which also accepted children from Pohlitz and Rießen and temporarily from Diehlo.
Lignite mining was reactivated in Germany in 1947 by order No. 132 of the Soviet military administration , as a lot of coal was needed to build up an industry in the country. A small group of courageous former miners from the mine, which was closed in 1927, created all the prerequisites for being able to mine the lignite again from a depth of 60 to 66 meters. The coal was transported to the Milenzhafen by small train. There the larger pieces of charcoal were separated from the fine charcoal. The fine coal was processed into wet pressed stones on the spot . The coal was transported away by ship or train. In 1952 the mine in Schönfließ was finally shut down, since the opencast mines in Niederlausitz were cheaper and more productive.
Only a few farms resumed their work after 1945. They tilled their fields often with great difficulty (war damage), initially with borrowed seeds. Most of the harvest had to be given to the state and the Soviet Army.
The EKO metallurgical plant
The construction of the EKO metallurgical plant began with the historic ax cut in Schönfließer Heide on August 18, 1950. The Schönfließer farmers lost a lot of land through its construction and the construction of the new residential town for the workforce of the plant. The rest of the agricultural land was taken over into the LPG.
Merger with Fürstenberg (Oder) and Stalinstadt
Schönfließ was incorporated into Fürstenberg (Oder) twice, first from 1944 to 1947 and finally on July 1, 1950 . With this it became a district of Eisenhüttenstadt through the merger with Stalinstadt on November 13, 1961 .
Spelling of the place name
- In the document of 1316 Schonenvlyt
- 1416/1626 Schonenflysze
- Since 1826 today's spelling
regional customs
The water of the river has long been considered very pure, clear and healthy. The so-called "fetching Easter water" is known to older residents. According to tradition, you should wash your body with it: "To keep your body looking good and healthy, and rinse your mouth so that your teeth are preserved". If the Easter water is stored in closed bottles, it supposedly retains its strength until the next Easter. The maintenance of this old Sorbian custom is an indication that at least part of the Schönfließer population belonged to the Sorbs in earlier times .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Community and district directory of the state of Brandenburg. Land surveying and geographic base information Brandenburg (LGB), accessed on June 21, 2020.
- ↑ Axel Drieschner, Barbara Schulz: Armaments industry and forced labor in Fürstenberg (Oder). Retrieved December 16, 2017 .
