Bright yellow club foot
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Bright yellow clubfoot ( Cortinarius splendens ) |
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| Rob Henry |
The bright yellow or beautiful yellow clubfoot ( Cortinarius splendens ) is a type of mushroom from the family of veil relatives .
features
Macroscopic features
The hat , 4 to 9 centimeters in diameter, is arched young and later shielded into a flat, spread shape. The outside of the hat skin is from sulfur to chrome yellow - in the middle red to dark brown and covered with darker scales - and in damp weather it is greasy to slimy. The brim of the hat is curled up when young and later sharp. Younger fruiting bodies have bright, sulfur-yellow colored lamellae that have grown straight to bulged, are mixed in and almost crowded and have slightly sawn or coarse-like edges. They are later colored russet with maturity of the spores like this one. In the early stages of development there is a partial covering ( Velum partiale ), which is formed as an orange-colored hair veil ( Cortina ), which later disappears and leaves residues on the stem. The full-fleshed stalk is 4 to 9 centimeters high, more or less evenly 1 to 1.5 centimeters thick with a rounded, bulbous base. The surface of the stem is dry and covered with orange-colored velum fibers (cortine residues) which later turned rust-brown from precipitated spore dust. Mycelium residues at the base are clearly sulfur yellow. Depending on the subspecies, the sulfur-yellow, firm meat has a somewhat pungent , unpleasant odor (ssp. Meinhardii ) or no special odor (ssp. Splendens ), tastes mild and turns dark red to red-brown with lye ( potassium hydroxide , sodium hydroxide or ammonia solution) .
The subspecies splendens generally has thinner and more sulfur-yellow fruit bodies.
Microscopic features
The spores appear rust-brown as spore powder. They are almond-shaped with a warty surface and measure 9 to 12 by 5 to 7 microns.
Species delimitation
It is often confused with the edible aniseed clubfoot , but differs from it by the lack of aniseed smell . Other yellow-colored club feet also look similar, including edible ones such as the magnificent ( aurantioturbinatus ) or the foxy club-foot ( fulmineus ). It can also be confused with (edible) veils such as the decorated or the brick yellow Schleimkopf . The yolk-yellow clubfoot, Cortinarius meinhardii , is very similar , which some authors only regard as a variety or subspecies. Superficially, the veil also has a resemblance to some knights (for example the green body ). The darker pattern on the middle of the hat, the color of the flesh and mycelium and possibly its location are the most important features. Due to the extremely difficult species delimitation, the consumption of similar or related species is not recommended or the consultation of professional mushroom advice is recommended.
Ecology and diffusion
There are two described subspecies , one of which is a conifer and the other is a deciduous forest inhabitant. Subspecies meinhardii lives in coniferous forests, subspecies splendens in deciduous forests in mycorrhizal symbiosis with beeches . They grow in calcareous soils and fruit between August and November and are found in Europe and North America. Meinhardii subspecies is rare and is at least on the Swedish Red List of Threatened Species .
toxicology
The species is dangerously (potentially fatally) poisonous. It used to be considered edible, but more recently severe poisoning with acute kidney failure has been reported, although thin-layer chromatography has not been able to chemically detect any orellanus toxin (the typical poisons of its relatives) or any poison at all and therefore other nephrotoxins are suspected. The symptoms of poisoning occurred after several days and after repeated consumption.
Systematics and taxonomy
It belongs to the genus of the veils ( Cortinarius ) and was assigned to their former subgenus of club feet (Bulbopodium), which today only represents a group of the subgenus of the mucous heads ( Phlegmacium ). There are two subspecies meinhardii and splendens .
swell
- ↑ Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08457-4 , p. 380.
- ↑ Hans E. Laux: Edible mushrooms and their poisonous doppelgangers . Collect mushrooms - the right way. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 978-3-440-10240-4 , pp. 44 .
- ↑ Markus Flück: Which mushroom is that? 3. Edition. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-440-11561-9 , pp. 294 .
- ↑ Bright yellow clubfoot (Cortinarius splendens) in the Encyclopedia of Life . Retrieved on August 11, 2017 ./
- ↑ http://rysch.com/pilze/Cortinarius_splendens.htm
- ^ Andreas Bresinsky, Helmut Besl: Toadstools. A handbook for pharmacists, doctors and biologists . Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart 1985, ISBN 3-8047-0680-0 .
- ↑ B. Schliessbach, S. Hasler, HP Friedli, U. Müller: Acute kidney failure following Cortinarius splendens (Fries) or “yellow clubbed foot” mushroom poisoning (so-called orellanus syndrome) . In: Swiss medical weekly . tape 113 , no. January 4 , 1983, ISSN 0036-7672 , pp. 151-153 .
