Reed ostrich grass

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Reed ostrich grass
Atlas of the Alpine flora (10424700103) .jpg

Reed ostrich grass ( Agrostis agrostiflora )

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Pooideae
Genre : Ostrich grasses ( Agrostis )
Type : Reed ostrich grass
Scientific name
Agrostis agrostiflora
( Beck ) Janch. & H.Neumayer

The reed ostrich grass or tender ostrich grass ( Agrostis agrostiflora , synonym : Agrostis schraderiana ) is a plant species from the genus of the ostrich grass in the sweet grass family (Poaceae). The distribution area is in Europe in subalpine and alpine altitudes.

description

The reed ostrich grass is persistent and forms loose clumps . It has short subterranean runners with numerous renewal rungs. The stalks are erect or bent ascending, 20 to 65 centimeters long, three to five nodules, smooth and hairless. The upper part of the leaf sheath is rough, the ligule is a 2 to 3 millimeter long, not ciliate, membranous border. The leaf blade becomes up to 15 centimeters long and 5 millimeters wide. It is initially rolled up and then spread flat, grooved and rough on both sides. The upper end is pointed, the leaf margins are spiky.

The inflorescence is a 5 to 15 centimeter long, loose panicle that is only spread out during flowering . The lower side branches go from three to five from the stalk and are very rough. The spikelets are single, petiolate, single-flowered, lanceolate or elongated and 2.5 to 3.6 millimeters long. The stem is thread-shaped and stem-round. During the ripening period , the florets fall out of the glumes that remain on the panicle. The glumes are almost the same, but the upper one is slightly shorter. They are single-nerved, about the same length as the spikelets, lanceolate, pointed, membranous, smooth and hairless and only rough on the keel. The callus of the floret shows two dense tufts of hair that are a third to half as long as the lemmas. The lemma is five-nerved, broadly lanceolate, 2 to 2.5 millimeters long, tender-skinned, smooth and hairless. The top is serrated. Usually no awn is formed, if it is, it is thin, up to 0.8 millimeters long, and arises just below the husk edge. The palea reaches only a fifth of the length of the lemma. The anthers are 1.3 to 1.6 millimeters long. As fruits about 1.6 millimeters long are caryopsis formed. The species blooms from July to August.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.

Distribution and location requirements

The distribution area is in Austria (in the federal states of Upper Austria, Styria, Carinthia, Salzburg, Tyrol and Vorarlberg), in Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Slovenia and France. It occurs in the Alps at altitudes of 1400 to 2300 meters and also grows in places in lower elevations; in some cases it can also be washed away by streams in lower elevations. It can be found on open, stony cattle paths, in long snow-covered and soaked block slopes, in dwarf shrub heaths, as part of the tall herbaceous vegetation and in the green alder bushes of the subalpine and lower alpine altitude levels . In the Allgäu Alps it occurs from 1,600 meters to 2,200 meters above sea level. It grows on moderately fresh, lime and nutrient poor, neutral to slightly acidic, loose soils with a medium content of humus . It thrives in the Agrostietum agrostiflorae from the association Caricion ferrugineae, but also occurs in associations of the associations Adenostylion, Salicion waldsteinianae, Nardion or Calamagrostion.

The reed ostrich grass is attacked by the rust fungus Puccinia pygmaea with uredia and telia .

Systematics

The reed ostrich ( Agrostis agrostiflora ) is a species from the genus of the ostrich grass , which is assigned to the sweet grass family (Poaceae), subfamily Pooideae, Tribus Poeae and Untertribus Agrostidinae. It was constructed in 1890 by the Austrian botanist Günther Beck of Mannagetta and Lerchenau in the flora of Lower Austria as Calamagrostis agrostiflora first described and because of the long hair of the callus riding grasses ( Calamagrostis attributed). In 1944 Erwin Janchen and Hans Neumayer listed the species in the Vienna Botanical Journal for ostrich grasses, which is justified by the anatomy of the lemmas. In addition, the reed ostrich, like other types of ostrich, is attacked by the fungus Tilletia decipiens , which, however, never occurs in the riding grass . Frequently used synonyms are Agrostis agrostiflora (Beck) Rauschert, for example in Conert: Pareys Gräserbuch or Agrostis schraderiana Bech. in the excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol or at GRIN. Other synonyms are Arundo tenella Schrad. , Calamagrostis alpina  var.  Convolutiva Beck , Calamagrostis pilosa (P.Beauv.) Greuter , Calamagrostis schraderiana (Bech.) Cif. & Giacom. , Calamagrostis tenella (Schrad.) Host , Calamagrostis tenella  var.  Humilis (Roem. & Schult.) Brand , Calamagrostis tenella  f. pilosa (Schleich. ex Gaudin) Brand and Vilfa pilosa P.Beauv.          

The genus name Agrostis comes from the Latin agrostis denoting annoying weeds that grow in the fields. The specific epithet agrostiflora was chosen by Günther Beck, who counted the species among the riding grasses. It points to the similarity of the leaves with those of the genus Agrostis , to which it is now also counted.

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literature

  • Hans Joachim Conert: Parey's grass book. Recognize and determine the grasses of Germany . Parey, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-8263-3327-6 , pp. 50, 51 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer , Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 1186.
  • Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , pp. 46, 253 (reprint from 1996).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ German name according to Conert: Pareys Gräserbuch , p. 50
  2. ↑ German name after Robert Zander : Zander. Concise dictionary of plant names. Edited by Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold . 16th edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-5080-8 , quoted from GRIN
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Conert: Pareys Gräserbuch , p. 50
  4. ↑ a b W. D. Clayton, M. Vorontsova, KT Harman, H. Williamson: Agrostis agrostiflora. In: GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora. Royal Botanic Gardens, accessed January 25, 2014 .
  5. ^ A b Fischer et al .: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol , p. 1186
  6. ^ A b Agrostis schraderiana in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 25, 2014.
  7. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 160.
  8. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  253 .
  9. ↑ Peter Zwetko Die Rostfilze Austria's supplement and host-parasite directory for the 2nd edition of the Catalogus Florae Austriae, III. Part, Book 1, Uredinales. Online (PDF; 1.8 MB)
  10. ↑ Calamagrostis agrostiflora. In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved January 25, 2014 .
  11. ↑ Agrostis agrostiflora. In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved January 25, 2014 .
  12. ↑ Agrostis agrostiflora. In: The Plant List. Retrieved January 25, 2013 .
  13. ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 46
  14. ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 253

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