Narrow-leaved white blubber
Narrow-leaved white blubber | ||||||||||||
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Narrow-leaved white-bladed ( Russula chloroides ) |
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Russula chloroides | ||||||||||||
Krombh. |
The narrow-leaved white deaf ( Russula chloroides ) is a leaf fungus from the family of the deaf relatives (Russulaceae). The large to medium-sized blubber has a whitish, later often brownish-ocher discolored and funnel-shaped deepened cap. The narrow, sloping lamellae often end in a bluish, ring-shaped zone at the base of the stem. Like the spore powder, they are whitish to cream-colored. The Täubling smells inconspicuous and tastes more or less mild. The fruiting bodies of the mycorrhizal fungus appear solitary to gregarious from July to October predominantly in deciduous forests. The widespread, but not very common, pigeon makes little demands on the soil and can be associated with various deciduous and coniferous trees. It's edible, but inferior.
features
Macroscopic features
The narrow-leaved white-Täubling looks very similar to the common white-Täubling ( R. delica ), but with a hat diameter of 4.5–13 cm is smaller, more funnel-shaped and smoother. The hat surface is young white, smooth, matt and frosted with velvet. Later it can become bald and in places or completely creamy yellow to brownish ocher. In damp weather, the top of the hat is greasy to thinly slimy and shiny. The hat skin can only be removed a little.
The young whitish, later pale cream-colored lamellae are narrower and narrower than in the common white-bladed. The narrow-leaved white-deaf has about 8-16 lamellae per centimeter at a distance of 1 cm from the edge of the hat. The lamellas are quite thin and only three to four, rarely up to eight millimeters high. They are also a bit flexible. In addition to numerous intermediate lamellae, there are also some forked lamellae. The lamellae sometimes have a more or less pronounced bluish-green shimmer and / or a bluish, ring-shaped zone at the base of the stem. The edges can brown with age and often turn blue-green when drying. The spore powder is almost white to pale cream in color ( Ib-IIa according to Romagnesi ).
The cylindrical stem measures 2.5-60 (9) × 10-20 (3.6) cm. The inside of the stem is full to hollow, the surface finely veined, white and frosted when young. With age, the stem can brown in places.
The meat is very firm, white and mild, but can sometimes become spicy. The smell is uncharacteristic and inconspicuous. It can be fruity or rather unpleasant. The meat of the hat reacts orange- pink with iron sulfate , blue-green with guaiac and wine-growing with phenol .
Microscopic features
Narrow-leaved White-Täubling (Russula chloroides) The spherical to broadly ellipsoidal spores measure 7.9-10.7 × 7.0-9.1 µm. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.1–1.2. The spore ornament consists of isolated, coarse warts up to 1.8 µm high, which are connected in places to form a patchy network.
The four-pore, club-like basidia are 50–75 µm long and 11–15 µm wide. The numerous hymenial cystids turn gray-black with sulfobenzaldehyde . The cheilocystids are spindle-shaped to club-like and mostly rounded at the tip. They measure 40–110 × 6–12 µm, while the similar but slightly larger pleurocystides measure 60–105 × 8–13 µm.
The top layer of the hat consists of cylindrical, mostly branched and septate, 3–5 µm wide hairs. In between there are cylindrical, mostly constricted at the tip as well as partially septate , 3–6 µm wide pileocystids , which have a gray-black content in sulfobenzaldehyde .
Species delimitation
As described above, the common white-horned blubber ( R. delica ) is very similar. It grows in comparable, but mostly somewhat wetter locations. It has a larger and stronger fruiting body, a relatively shorter, more compact stem and wider lamellae that are further apart. (with delica 3–10 lamellae per cm at a distance of 1 cm from the edge of the hat, instead of 8–16, which are 4.5–14 mm, instead of 3.5–7 mm wide). In addition, its spores are slightly larger and the warts are more closely connected to each other like a network.
The large, white-capped milklings from the Albati group can be very similar , especially if the fruiting bodies are very dry and the milk flow can no longer be determined.
ecology
The narrow-leaved white-Täubling is compared to the common white-Täubling ( R. delica ) in shady locations within the forest, acidic stands such as beech forests (also with spruce and fir ), oak-hornbeam or spruce forests. It colonizes acidic sand and crystal soils but also acidic substrates.
The narrow-leaved white deaf is a mycorrhizal fungus that lives in symbiosis with deciduous and coniferous trees . These are mainly the common beech and the common spruce . The fruiting bodies appear between July and October.
distribution
The narrow-leaved white-bladed is common in Europe and especially common in Central Europe. Due to the low demands on the soil, it is assumed that it occurs locally more frequently than the common white deaf ( R. delica ). The Täubling was also found in Japan.
Systematics
- etymology
- The scientific epithet is derived from the ancient Greek words χλοανός (greenish) and εἶδός (reputation, shape), and indicates the pale greenish shimmering lamellae.
meaning
The narrow-leaved white blubber is edible, but not particularly tasty. In North America it is regularly attacked by the parasitic hose fungus Hypomyces lactifluorum , which significantly increases its dietary value as a lobster mushroom .
literature
- Edmund Michael, Bruno Hennig, Hanns Kreisel: Handbook for mushroom friends. Volume five: Agaric mushrooms - milk lice and deaf lions. 2nd Edition. Fischer, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-437-30350-3 .
- Russula chloroides. In: Mycobank (Fungal Nomenclature and Species Databank) . International Mycological Association, accessed February 7, 2014 .
- Henri Romagnesi : Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord . essai sur la valeur taxinomique et specifique des caractères morphologiques et microchimiques des spores et des revêtements. Bordas, Paris 1967, p. 226 (French, online [accessed February 7, 2014]).
- Russula chloroides. In: Partial Russula species database of the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Center . Retrieved on February 7, 2014 (English, spore drawing and tabular listing of the macro- and microscopic features (based on H. Romagnesis "Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord" )).
- Alfred Einhellinger: The genus Russula in Bavaria . In: Bibliotheca Mycologica . 3. Edition. tape 112 . Berlin / Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 978-3-443-59013-0 , pp. 48 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Synonyms of Russula chloroides. In: Index Fungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved June 6, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 148.
- ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula chloroides. Retrieved on June 7, 2012 (Täubling rare, non evaluated).
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online [PDF; 592 kB ; accessed on August 31, 2011]).
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 291 ( online [accessed August 31, 2011]). online ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo: SY769 Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus . (Finnish lamellar and tube mushrooms: ecology, distribution and threat status). Ed .: Esteri Ohenoja. 2005, ISBN 952-11-1997-7 (Finnish, ymparisto.fi [PDF]).
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula chloroides. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved August 18, 2011 .
- ↑ Elias Polemis et al .: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: 5. (PDF; 330 kB) Basidiomycetes associated with woods dominated by Castanea sativa (Nafpactia Mts., Central Greece). In: Mycotaxon 115 / mycotaxon.com. 2008, p. 16 ff , accessed on August 22, 2011 .
- ^ Petkovski S .: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . Skopje 2009.
- ↑ Grid map of Russula chloroides. (No longer available online.) In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Formerly in the original ; accessed on September 10, 2012 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas | Russula chloroides. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved May 6, 2012 .
- ↑ Russula chloroides. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 18, 2011 .
- ↑ Mushrooms and Fungi of Poland Index: R. . In: grzyby.pl . Archived from the original on September 14, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved September 10, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ William Pape: χλοανός . Concise dictionary of the Greek language. tape 1 . Braunschweig 1914, Sp. 1359 ( online ).
- ^ Wilhelm Pape: eidos . Concise dictionary of the Greek language. tape 1 . Braunschweig 1914, Sp. 724 ( online ).
Web links
- Russula chloroides. In: Russulales News . Bart Buyck, accessed February 7, 2014 (English, original Latin diagnosis).
- Russula chloroides. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved February 7, 2014 (Italian, photos of the Schmalblättrigen Weiß-Täubling).