Narrow-gauge railway Frýdlant v Čechách – Heřmanice
| Frýdlant v Čechách – Heřmanice | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Route length: | 10.617 km | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gauge : | 750 mm ( narrow gauge ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maximum slope : | 25 ‰ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Minimum radius : | 50 m | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Top speed: | 40 km / h | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The narrow-gauge railway Frýdlant v Čechách – Heřmanice was a narrow-gauge railway with a gauge of 750 mm in today's Czech Republic . The line ran from Frýdlant v Čechách ( Friedland in Böhmen ) to Heřmanice u Frýdlantu ( Hermsdorf in Bohemia ) on the border with Saxony, where it was connected to the narrow-gauge railway Zittau – Reichenau – Hermsdorf . In today's Czech Republic, the route is known as Heřmanička (German roughly: Hermsdorfer Bähnle ).
history
Prehistory and construction
In 1864 there was a project to continue the Zittau – Löbau railway in the direction of Friedland and on to Liegnitz in Silesia (today: Legnica / Poland ). For financial reasons, however, construction did not start. Friedland received its first railway connection in 1875 with the south-north German connecting line from Berlin via Görlitz towards Reichenberg (today: Liberec) and on to Vienna . In 1884 a narrow-gauge railway was built in Saxony, which led from Zittau via Reichenau to Markersdorf . Plans soon arose to continue this line to Friedland.
The basis for the extension of the route to Austria was a state treaty between Austria-Hungary and Saxony of November 27, 1898. It came into effect in Vienna on January 25, 1899 when the ratification documents were exchanged. The Saxon government undertook to "put its own connection line into operation as far as possible at the same time as the Austrian connection line ". The track width of 750 mm in which the new railway was to be built was unique for Austria. A location "in the immediate vicinity of the border " near Hermsdorf in Bohemia was planned for the border station . This station should also be the seat of the border customs office. In addition, the contract contained the agreement that at least two passenger trains should run daily in both directions across the border.
On February 15, 1899, the district committee in Friedland received the concession " to build and operate a narrow-gauge local train from the Friedland station of the south-north German connection line to the border near Hermsdorf "
After a year of construction, traffic was opened on August 25, 1900. At the same time, the Saxon connection line Markersdorf – Hermsdorf went into operation. In order to also be able to serve the town of Dittersbach , a terminus station was built there, where the locomotives had to switch to the other end of the train before continuing. The tracks in both directions ran parallel to each other for about a kilometer.
business
Apart from a few special trains, some of which also ran from Oybin to Friedland, there was never a continuous passenger service between the Saxon and Bohemian routes, but passengers always had to change in Hermsdorf to continue their journey. Only in freight traffic was there a passage after a change of personnel and locomotives. In 1912, the local railway's timetable showed four mixed pairs of 2nd and 3rd class trains every day. Another ran on Sundays and public holidays. They needed about 35 minutes for the eleven kilometer route.
On December 31, 1924, the Friedland District Railway was nationalized and the line became the property of the Czechoslovak State Railways ČSD. After the Sudetenland became part of Germany in autumn 1938, the line was taken over by the Deutsche Reichsbahn , Reichsbahndirektion Dresden . Operationally, the line remained independent, and there were still no through trains between Zittau and Friedland.
After 1945 the line came back to the ČSD . Due to unprofitable traffic on September 22nd, 1947 initially stopped. On May 28, 1951, the goods traffic to service the quarry of Severočeský průmyslkome NP (formerly Schotterwerke Supich & Co KG) in Heřmanice was resumed. From July 14, 1957, passenger trains started running again. The transport of goods on the line was stopped again on June 13, 1964, as the tracks from the early days of the railway were meanwhile too worn out. The last trip trains ran on 13 January 1976. In subsequent years, the track was still contain in the timetable of the CSD, all trains ran as a replacement bus service with buses of ČSAD . The line was officially closed in 1984. The tracks were dismantled in 1997.
The vehicles
Locomotives
The Friedländer Bezirksbahn procured three narrow-gauge locomotives with the numbers 11 to 13 from Krauss in Linz , which were largely similar to the well-known U series of the kkStB . Because of the cross-border traffic, the locomotives were given the lever brake and funnel coupling common in Saxony . The ČSD later added the locomotives to the U 37.0 series and gave them the company numbers U 37.007 - 009. The U 37.008 (formerly no. 12) locomotive was retained and is now used as a spare part dispenser for the U 37.002 museum locomotive in Jindřichův Hradec .
U 37.007 (formerly no. 11) was located as 99 791 in April 1945 for repairs in Raw Chemnitz and remained with the narrow-gauge railways in Saxony after the end of the war . It was then used on the narrow-gauge railway between Hetzdorf and Eppendorf , later on the Prignitzer Kreiskleinbahn , where it was redrawn as 99 4712 and retired in 1965.
From 1958, ČSD started using brand-new T 47.0 diesel locomotives on the route. For the time being, however, steam locomotives continued to be used in passenger train traffic, as the new locomotives did not have a heating system. It was only in 1964 that the last steam locomotive could therefore be taken out of service.
dare
Passenger coaches
The passenger coaches were of the Austrian design at that time, as they are still used today. B. can be seen in the historic trains of the Zillertal Railway . One of the old two-axle wagons has survived to this day. The car of type D / ú 600 was restored true to the original in the 1990s and added to the narrow-gauge museum train in Jindřichův Hradec . In 1966, ČSD purchased new Balm (u) type passenger cars from ČKD Tatra in Prague.
Freight wagons
For freight traffic, similar types were put into service by the FBB, as they were also used by the Kgl. Saxon state railways were used. In 1900 the Graz Waggonfabrik supplied twelve open and six covered two-axle freight cars. The FBB gave them the numbers 601 to 606 and 701 to 712. Some of the cars remained in the Deutsche Reichsbahn's inventory after 1945. One of them served as a slag wagon in the Mügeln train station (near Oschatz) for a long time . Since 1971 it has belonged to the holdings of the Saxon narrow-gauge railway museum Rittersgrün .
In 1931, the ČSD procured five new four-axle, open freight cars from the Graz Waggonfabrik. With their contemporary press frame bogies, these also largely corresponded to the Saxon designs. However, the lever brake, with which they were still delivered, was no longer up-to-date.
From 1904, trolleys were used to transport standard-gauge wagons on the narrow-gauge railway .
Foreign vehicles
In 1945 a number of Saxon vehicles remained on the route, including the Saxon VI K 99 702 and several freight and passenger cars.
The 99 702 was used from 1948 by the ČSD as U 58.001 on the narrow-gauge railway Třemešná ve Slezsku – Osoblaha . In 1957 she came back to Frýdlant. It was then used in train services until 1960 and retired in 1962.
The cargo wagons initially remained in Frýdlant, some later made their way to South Bohemia on the Jindřichův Hradec – Obrataň and Jindřichův Hradec – Nová Bystřice lines . They were used there in passenger train services until the 1970s.
From 1948, the ČSD used a former military field railway locomotive of the type HF 130 C as a shunting locomotive in Frýdlant. The locomotive designated as T 36.001 was handed over to the Královodvorské cementárny cement works in Beroun in 1954 as a works locomotive .
literature
- Luděk Čada: Úzkorozchodná místní dráha Frýdlant v Čechách - Heřmanice . Vydavatelství dopravní literatury R. Sedláček, Litoměřice 2000, ISBN 80-902706-2-X .
- Wilfried Rettig: Railways in the border triangle East Saxony (D) / Lower Silesia (PL) / North Bohemia (CZ) - Part 2: Secondary, small and narrow-gauge railways, railway operations and repair shops, railway mail , EK-Verlag, Freiburg 2011, ISBN 978-3 -88255-733-6 ; Pp. 72-78
Web links
- a photo journey along the former narrow-gauge line Friedland-Hermsdorf
- Website for the narrow-gauge railway Friedland-Hermsdorf (Czech)
- official website of the municipality of Heřmanice on the narrow-gauge railway
- Homepage of the FOD association
Individual evidence
- ↑ Zdeněk Hudec u. a .: Atlas drah České republiky 2006–2007 , 2nd edition; Publishing house Pavel Malkus, Praha, 2006, ISBN 80-87047-00-1
- ^ State treaty between Austria-Hungary and Saxony, concerning several railway connections on the Austrian-Saxon state border from March 14, 1885
- ↑ Reichsgesetzblatt for the kingdoms and states represented in the Reichsrathe of February 28, 1899
- ↑ 1912 timetable of the kkStB - valid from May 1, 1912
- ^ Rainer Fischer, Sven Hoyer, Joachim Schulz: The wagons of the Saxon secondary railways , EK Verlag 1998; P. 123ff, p. 192, p. 215
- ↑ http://spz.logout.cz/uzke/cz_tremesna/tremesna.html
- ↑ Karel Just: Parní lokomotivy na úzkorozchodných tratích ČSD . Vydavatelství dopravní literatury, Litoměřice, 2001 p. 120