Boulder
A boulder Schroppen, Block, chunks or Felszersatz is a tall, occurring in the wild or as a building material unused stone . The size can range from decimeters to a few meters.
About the designation
In general, a loose stone block is geoscientifically not referred to as a rock (grown), but rather a stone . The building term refers in the sense of chunks ( Old High German broccho , broken off) or block ( `` coherent larger piece '') to the building material that still clearly shows its origin in the bedrock ( loose rock ).
Boulders in nature lie either
- in situ (at the original location), for example as rock remnants in the usable soil, for example in the form of oversized reading stones (which, however, can no longer be easily picked up) that have detached from the subsoil due to erosion (such as wool sack weathering ),
- as rubble or bed load (fluvatile transport) below their place of origin,
- finely distributed as sediment over a larger area or
- as erratic blocks , d. H. non-local stones from rare geophysical processes (such as erratic boulders caused by glacier transport) away from their place of origin.
In the building standard DIN 4022 / ISO 14688, scraps or blocks are defined as stones with a grain size over 63 millimeters (about the size of a fist) up to the maximum transportable size. Schroppen coarser than gravel and either broken minerals , natural quarry stone ( rubble ) or gravel (round, abgeschliffenere forms fluvatiler origin).
Use in construction
Schroppen are used as backfill material, for example
- for all kinds of foundations
- in road construction
- in the construction of track systems
- when laying pipes underground
- with drainage
- in hydraulic engineering ( water blocks , modules shore)
- in coastal protection
- in flood protection in dam and dyke construction
- at torrent control ,
- for water correction
- in gardening and landscaping
They also serve as the starting material for building materials (shaped building blocks or panels ; natural stone , natural stone ), as a decorative element, and as stone for sculpture.
Literature and standards
- EN ISO 14688 (designation of soil)
- EN ISO 14689 (rock for subsoil investigations)
- DIN 4022 geotechnical calculations for structural purposes (replaced in 2002 by DIN EN ISO 14688 and others)
- DIN 18196 soil classification for structural purposes
