Cobbler palms
Cobbler palms | ||||||||||||
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Aspidistra | ||||||||||||
Ker Gawl. |
The aspidistra ( Aspidistra , from Greek aspidion "small round shield") are a genus of the family of asparagaceae (Asparagaceae). The Aspidistra species are originally native to East Asia (China, eastern Himalayas and Japan).
description
Aspidistra species usually grow as evergreen, perennial herbaceous plants . Creeping, long rhizomes are formed. The basal leaves stand individually or in pairs or four directly on the rhizome. The upright leaves consist of a long petiole and leaf blade. The simple leaf blade has many leaf veins .
The inflorescence stem is usually very short, so that the flowers are often just above the ground. The inflorescence stem has two to eight scaly leaves and usually only one, sometimes two flowers are located directly above one or two bracts . The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry . The fleshy bracts are bell-shaped, cup-shaped or urn-shaped with usually six or eight (four to ten) bract lobes. There are four to ten stamens present, which are mostly inserted in the upper area of the bloom tube. There are at most very short stamens. Three or four carpels are fused to form a three- or four- chamber ovary. Each ovary chamber contains some ovules . The short style ends in a large, shield-shaped or mushroom-shaped scar that has a smooth or lobed edge.
The spherical or ovoid-ellipsoidal berries usually contain only one seed.
Systematics
The genus Aspidistra was established in 1823 by the British botanist John Bellenden Ker-Gawler in Bot. Reg. , 8, plate 628. The genus was formerly classified in the families Convallariaceae and Liliaceae . There are around 140 species of Aspidistra .
In the following list of species, in addition to the botanical author abbreviation, the publication with the year of publication of the first description is given:
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Aspidistra_elatior1.jpg/220px-Aspidistra_elatior1.jpg)
- Aspidistra acetabuliformis Y.Wan & CCHuang , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25: 396 (1987).
- Aspidistra alata Tillich , Blumea 52: 336 (2007)
- Aspidistra albiflora C.R. Lin, WBXu & Yan Liu , Nordic J. Bot. 29: 443 (2011).
- Aspidistra albopurpurea Aver. & Tillich , Nordic J. Bot. 32: 752 (2013).
- Aspidistra alternativa D.Fang & LYYu , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 40: 161 (2002).
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Aspidistra arnautovii Tillich , Feddes Repert. 116: 314 (2005): With the varieties:
- Aspidistra arnautovii var. Angustifolia L. Wu & Y. Feng Huang , Guihaia 32: 322 (2012).
- Aspidistra arnautovii var. Arnautovii .
- Aspidistra arnautovii var. Catbaensis (Tillich) Tillich , Taiwania 59: 7 (2014).
- Aspidistra atroviolacea Tillich , Feddes Repert. 116: 317 (2005).
- Aspidistra australis S.Z. He & WFXu , Ann. Bot. Fenn. 50: 305 (2013).
- Aspidistra austrosinensis Y.Wan & CCHuang , Guihaia 7: 221 (1987).
- Aspidistra bamaensis C.R. Lin, YYLiang & Yan Liu , Ann. Bot. Fenn. 46: 416 (2009).
- Aspidistra basalis Tillich , Gard. Bull. Singapore 64: 202 (2012).
- Aspidistra bicolor Tillich , Feddes Repert. 116: 317 (2005).
- Aspidistra bogneri Tillich , Feddes Repert. 116: 317 (2005).
- Aspidistra brachystyla Aver. & Tillich , Feddes Repert. 119: 37 (2008).
- Aspidistra caespitosa, C.Pei , Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, Bot. Ser. 12: 101 (1939).
- Aspidistra campanulata Tillich , Blumea 52: 337 (2007).
- Aspidistra carinata Y.Wan & XHLu , Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 9 (2): 97 (1989).
- Aspidistra carnosa Tillich , Feddes Repert. 116: 318 (2005).
- Aspidistra cavicola D. Fang & KCYen , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 31: 180 (1993).
- Aspidistra cerina G.Z.Li & SCTang , Guihaia 22: 289 (2002).
- Aspidistra chishuiensis S.Z. He & WFXu , Ann. Bot. Fenn. 47: 118 (2010).
- Aspidistra chongzuoensis C.R. Lin & YSHuang , Phytotaxa 208: 231 (2015).
- Aspidistra chunxiuensis C.R. Lin & Yan Liu , Phytotaxa 208: 163 (2015).
- Aspidistra clausa Vislobokov , Phytotaxa 207: 266 (2015).
- Aspidistra claviformis Y.Wan , Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 4 (4): 166 (1984).
- Aspidistra coccigera Aver. & Tillich , Gard. Bull. Singapore 64: 202 (2012).
- Aspidistra columellaris Tillich , Gard. Bull. Singapore 64: 204 (2012).
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Aspidistra connata Tillich , Feddes Repert. 116: 318 (2005). With the varieties:
- Aspidistra connata var. Connata
- Aspidistra connata var. Radiata Tillich & Škornick. , Gard. Bull. Singapore 66: 31 (2014).
- Aspidistra crassifila Yan Liu & CI Peng , Bot. Stud. (Taipei) 54-43: 1 (2013).
- Aspidistra cruciformis Y.Wan & XHLu , Guihaia 7: 217 (1987).
- Aspidistra cryptantha Tillich , Blumea 52: 338 (2007).
- Aspidistra cyathiflora Y.Wan & CHuang , Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 9 (2): 100 (1989).
- Aspidistra daibuensis Hayata , Icon. Pl. Formosan. 9: 143 (1920).
- Aspidistra daxinensis M.F. Hou & Yan Liu , Bot. Stud. (Taipei) 50: 371 (2009).
- Aspidistra dodecandra (Gagnep.) Tillich , Feddes Repert. 116: 323 (2005).
- Aspidistra dolichanthera X.X. Chen , Guihaia 2:77 (1982).
- Aspidistra ebianensis K.Y. Lang & ZYZhu , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 37: 492 (1999).
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Aspidistra elatior flower , Tijdschr. Natuurl. Business Physiol. 1: 76 (1834): With the varieties:
- Aspidistra elatior var. Attenuata (Hayata) SSYing , in Fl. Taiwan, ed. 2, 5:40 (2000).
- Aspidistra elatior var. Elatior
- Aspidistra elatior var. Vietnamensis Aver. & Tillic h, Turczaninowia 15 (1): 5 (2012).
- Aspidistra erecta Yan Liu & CI Peng , Bot. Stud. (Taipei) 52: 367 (2011).
- Aspidistra fasciaria G.Z.Li , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 37: 484 (1999).
- Aspidistra fenghuangensis K.Y.Lang , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 37: 494 (1999).
- Aspidistra fimbriata F.T.Wang & KYLang , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16 (1): 76 (1978).
- Aspidistra flaviflora K.Y. Lang & ZYZhu , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 485 (1982).
- Aspidistra foliosa Tillich , Feddes Repert. 116: 319 (2005).
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Aspidistra fungilliformis Y.Wan , Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 4 (4): 165 (1984). With the subspecies:
- Aspidistra fungilliformis subsp. formosa Tillich , Feddes Repert. 119: 40 (2008).
- Aspidistra fungilliformis subsp. fungilliformis
- Aspidistra geastrum Tillich , Feddes Repert. 116: 319 (2005).
- Aspidistra glandulosa (Gagnep.) Tillich , Feddes Repert. 116: 323 (2005).
- Aspidistra gracilis Tillich , Gard. Bull. Singapore 64: 206 (2012).
- Aspidistra grandiflora Tillich , Blumea 52: 341 (2007).
- Aspidistra guangxiensis S.C. Tang & Yan Liu , Novon 13: 480 (2003).
- Aspidistra guizhouensis S.Z. He & WFXu , Phytotaxa 202: 150 (2015).
- Aspidistra hekouensis H. Li, CL Long & Bogner , Sendtnera 5:15 (1998).
- Aspidistra hezhouensis Q. Gao & Yan Liu , J. Syst. Evol. 49: 506 (2011).
- Aspidistra huanjiangensis G.Z.Li & YGWei , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 41: 384 (2003).
- Aspidistra insularis Tillich , Feddes Repert. 117: 145 (2006).
- Aspidistra jiewhoei Tillich & Škornick. , Gard. Bull. Singapore 65: 102 (2013).
- Aspidistra jingxiensis Yan Liu & CRLin , Ann. Bot. Fenn. 49: 193 (2012).
- Aspidistra khangii Aver. & Tillich , Nordic J. Bot. 32: 753 (2013).
- Aspidistra laotica Aver. & Tillich , Nordic J. Bot. 33: 366 (2014).
- Aspidistra lateralis Tillich , Feddes Repert. 116: 320 (2005).
- Aspidistra leshanensis K.Y. Lang & ZYZhu , Acta Bot. Yunnan. 6: 285 (1984).
- Aspidistra leyeensis Y.Wan & CHuang , Guihaia 7: 219 (1987).
- Aspidistra liboensis S.Z. He & JYWu , Ann. Bot. Fenn. 48: 440 (2011).
- Aspidistra linearifolia Y.Wan & CHuang , Guihaia 7: 220 (1987).
- Aspidistra lingchuanensis C.R. Lin & LFGuo , Phytotaxa 195: 86 (2015).
- Aspidistra lingyunensis C.R. Lin & LFGuo , Nordic J. Bot. 32:60 (2013).
- Aspidistra lobata Tillich , Feddes Repert. 117: 141 (2006).
- Aspidistra locii Arnautov & Bogner , Willdenowia 34: 203 (2004).
- Aspidistra longanensis Y.Wan , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23: 151 (1985).
- Aspidistra longgangensis C.R. Lin, YSHuang & Yan Liu , Nordic J. Bot. 33: 377 (2015).
- Aspidistra longifolia Hook.f. , Fl. Brit. India 7: 326 (1892) (Syn .: Aspidistra hainanensis W.Y.Chun & FCHow , Aspidistra larutensis W.J..de Wilde & A.Vogel , Aspidistra yingjiangensis L.J.Peng ).
- Aspidistra longiloba G.Z.Li , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 26: 156 (1988).
- Aspidistra longipedunculata, D. Fang , Guihaia 2:78 (1982).
- Aspidistra longipetala S.Z. Huang , Guihaia 6: 273 (1986).
- Aspidistra longituba Yan Liu & CRLin , Ann. Bot. Fenn. 48: 519 (2011).
- Aspidistra longshengensis C.R. Lin & WBXu , Phytotaxa 208: 166 (2015).
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Aspidistra lubae Aver. & Tillich , Nordic J. Bot. 32: 755 (2013). With the varieties:
- Aspidistra lubae var. Lancifolia Aver. & Tillich , Nordic J. Bot. 32: 756 (2013).
- Aspidistra lubae var. Lubae
- Aspidistra luodianensis D.D.Tao , Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 43: 121 (1992).
- Aspidistra lurida Ker Gawl. , Bot. Reg. 8: t. 628 (1822).
- Aspidistra lutea Tillich , Feddes Repert. 116: 320 (2005).
- Aspidistra marasmioides Tillich , Feddes Repert. 116: 321 (2005).
- Aspidistra marginella D. Fang & L. Zeng , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 31: 181 (1993).
- Aspidistra minutiflora Stapf , J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 36: 113 (1903).
- Aspidistra mirostigma Tillich & Škornick. , Gard. Bull. Singapore 66: 34 (2014).
- Aspidistra molendinacea G.Z. Li & SCTang , Guihaia 22: 290 (2002).
- Aspidistra multiflora Aver. & Tillich , Nordic J. Bot. 33: 368 (2014).
- Aspidistra muricata F.C. How , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 383 (1981).
- Aspidistra mushaensis Hayata , Icon. Pl. Formosan. 9: 144 (1920).
- Aspidistra nanchuanensis Tillich , Feddes Repert. 117: 139 (2006).
- Aspidistra nankunshanensis Yan Liu & CRLin , Ann. Bot. Fenn. 50: 123 (2013).
- Aspidistra nikolaii Aver. & Tillich , Feddes Repert. 119: 4 (2008).
- Aspidistra obconica C.R. Lin & Yan Liu , Bot. Stud. (Taipei) 51: 263 (2010).
- Aspidistra oblanceifolia F.T.Wang & KYLang , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 487 (1982).
- Aspidistra obliquipeltata D. Fang & LYYu , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 40: 162 (2002).
- Aspidistra oblongifolia F.T.Wang & KYLang , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 37: 476 (1999).
- Aspidistra omeiensis Z.Y.Zhu & JLZhang , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 386 (1981).
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Aspidistra opaca Tillich , Feddes Repert. 116: 321 (2005). With the varieties:
- Aspidistra opaca var. Opaca
- Aspidistra opaca var. Rugosa Tillich , Taiwan 59: 7 (2014).
- Aspidistra ovatifolia Yan Liu & CRLin , Novon 23:287 (2014).
- Aspidistra oviflora Aver. & Tillich , Nordic J. Bot. 33: 371 (2014).
- Aspidistra papillata G.Z.Li , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 41: 382 (2003).
- Aspidistra patentiloba Y.Wan & XHLu , Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 9 (2): 99 (1989).
- Aspidistra paucitepala Vislobokov, Nuraliev & DDSokoloff , Phytotaxa 161: 272 (2014).
- Aspidistra petiolata Tillich , Feddes Repert. 116: 321 (2005).
- Aspidistra phanluongii Vislobokov , Pl. Syst. Evol. 299: 349 (2012).
- Aspidistra pileata D. Fang & LYYu , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 40: 159 (2002).
- Aspidistra pingfaensis S.Z. He & QWSun , Phytotaxa 178: 33 (2014).
- Aspidistra pingtangensis S.Z. He , WFXu & QWSun , Novon 21: 187 (2011).
- Aspidistra punctata Lindl. , Bot. Reg. 12: t. 977 (1826).
- Aspidistra punctatoides Yan Liu & CRLin , Nordic J. Bot. 29: 189 (2011).
- Aspidistra quadripartita G.Z.Li & SCTang , Guihaia 22: 289 (2002).
- Aspidistra recondita Tillich , Blumea 52: 341 (2007).
- Aspidistra renatae Bräuchler , Blumea 50: 527 (2005).
- Aspidistra retusa K.Y. Lang & SZHuang , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 379 (1981).
- Aspidistra saxicola Y.Wan , Guihaia 4: 129 (1984).
- Aspidistra semiaperta Aver. & Tillich , Nordic J. Bot. 33: 373 (2014).
- Aspidistra sichuanensis K.Y. Lang & ZYZhu , Acta Bot. Yunnan. 6: 287 (1984).
- Aspidistra spinula S.Z. He , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 40: 377 (2002).
- Aspidistra stellata Aver. & Tillich , Nordic J. Bot. 32: 757 (2013).
- Aspidistra stenophylla C.R. Lin & RCHu , Phytotaxa 170: 53 (2014).
- Aspidistra stricta Tillich , Feddes Repert. 116: 322 (2005).
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Aspidistra subrotata, Y.Wan & CCHuang , Guihaia 7: 223 (1987). With the varieties:
- Aspidistra subrotata var. Angustifolia Phonsena , Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 38: 53 (2010).
- Aspidistra subrotata var. Crassinervis (Tillich) Phonsena , Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 38: 53 (2010).
- Aspidistra subrotata var. Subrotata
- Aspidistra superba Tillich , Feddes Repert. 116: 323 (2005).
- Aspidistra sutepensis K. Larsen , Dansk Bot. Ark. 20:41 (1961).
- Aspidistra tenuifolia C.R. Lin & JCYang , Phytotaxa 161: 289 (2014).
- Aspidistra tillichiana O. Colin , Phytotaxa 212: 243 (2015).
- Aspidistra tonkinensis (Gagnep.) FTWang & KYLang , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16 (1): 77 (1978).
- Aspidistra triloba F.T.Wang & KYLang , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 380 (1981).
- Aspidistra triradiata Vislobokov , Phytotaxa 207: 269 (2015).
- Aspidistra truongii Aver. & Tillich , Taiwania 58: 108 (2013).
- Aspidistra tubiflora Tillich , Feddes Repert. 117: 141 (2006).
- Aspidistra typica Baill. , Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 2: 1129 (1894).
- Aspidistra umbrosa Tillich , Blumea 52: 342 (2007).
- Aspidistra urceolata F.T.Wang & KYLang , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 381 (1981).
- Aspidistra ventricosa Tillich & Škornick. , Gard. Bull. Singapore 66:28 (2014).
- Aspidistra wujiangensis W.F.Xu & SZHe , Phytotaxa 231: 297 (2015).
- Aspidistra xilinensis Y.Wan & XHLu , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25: 397 (1987).
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Aspidistra xuansonensis Vislobokov , Phytotaxa 173: 227 (2014). With the varieties:
- Aspidistra xuansonensis var. Violiflora Vislobokov , Phytotaxa 173: 229 (2014).
- Aspidistra xuansonensis var. Xuansonensis
- Aspidistra yunwuensis S.Z. He & WFXu , Phytotaxa 205: 295 (2015).
- Aspidistra zinaidae Aver. & Tillich , Turczaninowia 15 (1): 8 (2012).
- Aspidistra zongbayi K.Y. Lang & ZYZhu , Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 486 (1982).
use
From the genus Aspidistra , there is one species that is more commonly used as an ornamental plant: Aspidistra elatior is a robust ornamental plant for parks and gardens in frost-free areas; it is a sturdy house plant with dark green, leathery, shiny leaves. It also copes well with low temperatures, drafts and little light and was therefore often used for decoration in shops (cobbler palm or butcher palm). It is also offered as a cut green for florists. Despite their robustness, cobbler palms are no longer easily available because they are considered old-fashioned. It came into vogue when private households were increasingly being lit with gas. The resulting ethylene provides a phytohormone u. a. for the ripening of fruits, but also for the shedding of leaves. Because aspidistra are immune to these effects, they have become a popular house plant.
George Orwell satirically treated the plant species often found in offices or houses of the middle class in England in his novel " Keep the Aspidistra Flying " (1936, German: "Die Wonnen der Aspidistra", filmed in 1997). English trivial names are: "iron plant", "barroom plant", "cast-iron plant".
literature
- Liang Songyun (梁松筠) & Minoru N. Tamura: Aspidistra in the Flora of China , Volume 24, 2000, p. 240: Online .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Aspidistra. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 15, 2016.
- ↑ Schusterpalmen.de