Protective clothing
The protective clothing protects more than normal clothing against dangerous influences such as heat, moisture, cold etc. Such functional clothing can also shield the environment of a working person: for example in operating theaters or clean rooms from contamination, e.g. B. by human cells or fibers.
species
A distinction is made between the following types of protective clothing:
- Pressure and cut protection (heavy-duty materials)
- Infection protection (surgical clothing in the operating theater or in isolation )
- Hygiene protection in the production, processing and serving of in food
- Warning protection (visibility through reflectors and luminous fabric)
- Weather protection (wind and water repellent fabrics)
- Heat and flame protection (flame retardant fabric)
- Chemical protection (certified protective clothing)
- Electrostatic protection (antistatic clothing)
Protective clothing in everyday life
Man carries many species in everyday life. He puts on a rain cape or special winter jackets that insulate against the cold . The ruff and hair-cutting cape are also classified as protective clothing at the hairdresser's . This also includes disposable gloves , kitchen aprons and condoms .
Protective clothing for motorcyclists
The law requires z. B. CE-certified protective clothing with protectors in accordance with DIN 1621-1 and -2 for people who ride a motorcycle for work (police officers, messengers, etc.) - including helmets in accordance with ECE test standard 22-05.
UV protective clothing
UV protective clothing with a sun protection factor of 40–50 should protect against ultraviolet rays when exposed to the sun. The UV radiation has a thermal effect on the skin and eyes and can lead to skin cancer ( malignant melanoma ) and inflammation or cataracts in the eye. In order to produce protective clothing that is worn when bathing - especially by children - the Australian-New Zealand standard (AS / NZS 4399) uses new textile material in an unstretched and dry state. The UV Standard 801 assumes a maximum radiation intensity with the solar spectrum in Melbourne (Australia), on January 1st of each year (at the height of the Australian summer), the most sensitive skin type for the wearer and under wearing conditions. Since the solar spectrum in the northern hemisphere differs from that in Australia, the measurement method according to the European standard EN 13758-1 is based on the solar spectrum from Albuquerque in New Mexico , USA , which roughly corresponds to that in southern Europe .
Protective clothing for work and volunteering
At work , protective clothing is part of work clothing and is prescribed by occupational safety laws , service instructions or work instructions . Employers' liability insurance associations prescribe protective clothing of all kinds in many areas. For example , protective goggles , hearing protection , safety shoes , laboratory coats and acid-resistant gloves protect workers completely or partially from the corresponding dangers and increase work safety . Fire fighters , for example, wear particularly extensive personal protective equipment . The personal equipment of fire fighters includes not only a protective suit but also shoes, gloves and a helmet. Furthermore, warning protection according to EN 471 class 3 is required for all persons working on the road. Rain protective clothing is certified according to EN 343.
Heat protective clothing
Anyone who comes into contact with heat and flames at work, for example when working in blast furnaces or foundries, wears heat-protective clothing that protects against extreme temperatures and the risk of burns. The corresponding standard for heat protective clothing is EN 531.
Production and test description for a universal fire brigade protective clothing
The HuPF (abbreviation for “ production and test description for a universal fire brigade protective clothing ”) is an implementation standard applicable to the fire brigade in Germany for protective clothing as part of the personal equipment of fire service members . It defines how the higher-level requirement standard DIN EN 469 is to be implemented. A recognition by HuPF is often a prerequisite for the provision of protective clothing by the support of the fire brigade .
Infection protection clothing
In order to reduce the risk of transmitting pathogens, staff in various patient care facilities wear special protective clothing over their work clothes on certain occasions. As part of basic or standard hygiene, direct contact with blood, secretions or excreta is avoided. Visitors to infectious patients or patients who are particularly at risk of infection, for example in intensive care units, must usually also put on protective clothing beforehand.
Protective clothing includes aprons , protective gowns, hoods , protective masks , overshoes , protective goggles and gloves that are worn in different combinations. Some of these are disposable items that are disposed of after use, such as disposable gloves and mouth and nose protection ; others, for example heat-resistant cloth coats or protective goggles, can be reused after disinfecting.
Protective clothing in the cold
Cut protection clothing
Separate cut protection clothing is available for use with saws .
Chemical protective clothing
But protective clothing is also widespread in industry. Who, for example in the chemical industry works, should wear clothes by the liquid from the dangers chemicals protects, in accordance with EN 13034 Type 6. But also in other industries such as the steel and automotive industries, in refineries, Verzinkereinen or electroplating company is chemical protective clothing often used.
Contamination protective clothing
In addition to chemical protective clothing, numerous disaster control units and companies with nuclear substances (including nuclear power plants ) have special protective suits for radiation protection operations.
Protective clothing in case of water hazards
In high water situations, waders are used on some units ; also include lifejackets and wetsuits to this kind of protective clothing.
Protective clothing in the military
In addition to their uniforms, soldiers wear combat boots and combat helmets for protection . In the past, steel helmets were used as head protection, which today are largely replaced by helmets made of aramids , e.g. B. Kevlar were replaced. These helmets offer better ballistic protection and are more comfortable to wear due to the weight advantage. When deployed, soldiers also wear bullet-resistant vests and, in dusty environments (desert areas), protective goggles / goggles to protect their eyes. Further protective clothing of a soldier is the wind and moisture protection clothing, which used to be made of PVC / rubber and is now made of breathable PTFE Gore-Tex .
Furthermore, there is NBC protective equipment before a Tomaren, b iologischen, c hemischen hazards; Motorcycle protective clothing; Diving equipment, protective clothing, ordnance clearance , etc. These are usually color-matched.
- History of military protective clothing
The first protective clothing already existed in prehistory and consisted of several layers of leather . The first real armor can be seen from around 1500 BC. Speak to the Assyrians . These consisted of leather, which was reinforced with metal plates. The first simple helmets made of bronze existed as early as 3000 BC. BC, these only protected the head, but not the face from sword blows. The first full head protection made of metal came in the early Middle Ages (11th / 12th centuries). Chain mail , in particular, was used as body protection, which gradually became widespread from the 6th century AD until it was almost completely displaced by heavy armor made of several superimposed metal plates ( knight armor ) in the 15th century . With the advent of the first firearms, this armor lost its importance. The next development was lightweight protective helmets against splinters, which were used in the First World War . Better helmets with a padded inner lining were not used until 1918, further developments were the American armor and back armor made of metal, as well as the use of Kevlar in helmets. Protective glasses made of bulletproof glass for pilots did not appear in the US Air Force until the Second World War around 1940. Later the Americans also designed lighter body armor vests made of Kevlar and other aramids for the rest of the army. These fibers are now used in bullet-resistant vests and protective helmets by the police and military and other security services around the world.
Police protective clothing
Special police units , such as the riot police , use special protective clothing during demonstrations: usually protective helmets with visors , knee and joint protectors , safety shoes and bullet- resistant vests . Special protective clothing is also available for the disposal of munitions to protect against splinters and pressure waves.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Claus Garbe: Management of the melanoma . Springer Science & Business Media, July 25, 2006, ISBN 978-3-540-28987-6 , pp. 85-86.
- ↑ UV Standard 801 . accessed on November 6, 2017.
- ↑ M. Mielke; A. Nassauer (Robert Koch Institute): Derivation of risk-minimizing, here infection-preventive measures in practice. November 2009 ; accessed on March 12, 2019