Black cocks

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Black cocks
Black moth (Odezia atrata)

Black moth ( Odezia atrata )

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Spanner (Geometridae)
Subfamily : Larentiinae
Genre : Odezia
Type : Black cocks
Scientific name
Odezia atrata
( Linnaeus , 1758)
Older animals that have flown away have no fringes and thus also the white apical border.
the three
visiting flowers (video, 1m 32s)

The Black Spanner ( Odezia atrata ) is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the tensioner (Geometridae). In the Swabian language area it is also known as a chimney sweep.

features

The moths reach a wingspan of 23 to 27 millimeters and have black front and rear wings without drawing. Only the fringes of the slats are white at the wing tip ( apex ). The form Odezia atrata f. nigerrima has black apex fringes.

distribution

The black cockerel is widespread in Europe. Its distribution area extends from the Iberian Peninsula across Western and Central Europe and the British Isles to Sakhalin and the Amur - Ussuri area. In the north the distribution area extends into central Fennoscandia , in the south the moths can be found from Italy to the Balkans . In Austria , the species, which used to be very abundant, has now become rare in many places and many populations have died out.

Imaginal habitats are ditch edges, wet meadows, floodplains, bog meadows and bogs , pond and lake areas, as well as forest and mountain meadows. The species is rare or does not occur at all in dry places and on the warm plains.

Way of life

The eggs are dropped into the vegetation by the females. The eggs overwinter, from them the caterpillars hatch in spring, these live individually on tumbled calf's goiter ( Chaerophyllum temulum ), golden calf's goiter ( Chaerophyllum aureum ), hairy calf's goiter ( Chaerophyllum hirsutum ) and parsley ( Anthriscus sylvestris ).

The doll rest period is 12 to 32 days.

The moths are diurnal and can often be observed on flowers. They were suckling nectar on grass chickweed ( Stellaria graminea ), white clover ( Trifolium repens ), pyramidal dogwort ( Anacamptis pyramidalis ), Jacob's ragwort ( Senecio jacobaea ), meadow marguerite ( Leucanthemum vulgare ), meadow knapweed ( Centaurea jacea ), broadleaf orchid ( Dactylorhiza majalis ), chives ( Allium schoenoprasum ), the ordinary privet ( Ligustrum vulgare ), the ordinary foot trefoil ( Lotus corniculatus ), field scabious ( Knautia arvensis ), marsh thistle ( Cirsium palustre ), Bistort ( Polygonum bistorta ) and chervil ( Anthriscus ) were observed.

Mass proliferation is reported repeatedly in the literature.

Flight and caterpillar times

The black cock flies in one generation from late May to late July. The moths are both nocturnal and diurnal and are occasionally observed in the light. The caterpillars can be found from May to June.

Systematics

Subspecies

  • Odezia atrata atrata (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Odezia atrata meridionalis Reisser, 1935
  • Odezia atrata pyrenaica Gumppenberg, 1887

Synonyms

  • Phalaena atrata Linnaeus, 1758
  • Phalaena chaerophyllata Linnaeus, 1767
  • Baptaria chaerophyllaria , Huebner, [1825]

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Odezia atrata (Linnaeus 1758). Fauna Europaea, Version 1.3, April 19, 2007 , accessed on June 23, 2008 .
  2. ↑ Gerfried Deschka, Josef Wimmer, The Butterfly Fauna of the Cross Wall, Contribution. Naturk. Upper Austria, 2000
  3. ↑ a b Manfred Koch , Wolfgang Heinicke, Bernd Müller: We determine butterflies. Volume 4: Spanner. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Neumann, Leipzig / Radebeul 1976, DNB 780451570 .
  4. ↑ Arno Bergmann: The large butterflies of Central Germany. Volume 5/1: Spanner. Distribution, forms and communities. Urania-Verlag, Jena 1955, DNB 450378403 .
  5. ^ A b Günter Ebert (Hrsg.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 8, Nachtfalter VI (Spanner (Geometridae) 1st part), Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3497-7
  6. ^ Odezia atrata atrata (Linnaeus 1758). Fauna Europaea, Version 1.3, April 19, 2007 , accessed on June 23, 2008 .
  7. ↑ Odezia atrata meridionalis Reisser 1935. Fauna Europaea, Version 1.3, April 19, 2007 , accessed on June 23, 2008 .
  8. ^ A b c Malcolm J. Scoble: Geometrid moths of the world. A catalog (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 1999, ISBN 0-643-06304-8

literature

  • Bernard Skinner: Color Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles , Penguin UK 1999, ISBN 0-670-87978-9

Web links

Commons : Schwarzspanner  - album with pictures, videos and audio files