Swiss mill

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Swiss mill
Municipality Rosenthal-Bielatal
Coordinates: 50 ° 50 ′ 49 ″  N , 14 ° 2 ′ 35 ″  E
Height : 360 m
Postal code : 01824
Area code : 035033
View of the Swiss mill
View of the Swiss mill

Schweizermühle is a settlement in the municipality of Rosenthal-Bielatal in the district of Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains in Saxony , which emerged from an old hammer mill with an attached mill and a cold water sanatorium . It was originally called the Oberhüttenmühle . After the establishment of the name Saxon Switzerland , the mill was given its current name in 1824 at the suggestion of the local researcher Carl Merkel , which was passed on to the entire settlement.

Hammer mill and mill

In Bielatal ores were made since the beginning of the 15th century Berggiesshuebel processed in hammer mills. The oldest hammer was the Brausenstein hammer, already mentioned in 1410 , whose still-preserved blast furnace is also the only visible evidence of the mining history of the Biela valley.

Above the Brausenstein, a hammer mill in the form of "Roczmital s hamrem" (Rosenthal with hammer) was first mentioned in 1473 in a Bohemian document. Together with Rosenthal, the hammer came from Bohemia to the Electorate of Saxony in 1503 . In 1518 the hammer mill was called "Oberhütte" to differentiate it from the huts in the lower Bielatal near Königstein . The hammer mill also included a sawmill, which was referred to as “muhl an der Oberhütten” in 1567 and was mentioned in a 1578 sales contract for the hammer mill. However, it burned down in 1589 and was not rebuilt after that. In addition to the hammer mill, there was another mill, which the miller Wenzel Arnoldt bought in 1553. In 1578 it also became the property of the hammer mill.

In 1640 Christian Schiebling , court painter to Elector Johann Georg I, bought Hammergut Oberhütte, which was very neglected at the time, after the Elector had instructed the bailiff of Pirna to sell it. However, a few years later he sold the property to the Dresden merchant Christoph Just, who in turn sold it to the hammer owner Hans Joachim Münch in 1653. In the same year, he added a blast furnace to the hammer mill and was able to manufacture cast products in addition to forged goods. Gun deliveries went not only to the Dresden armory , but also to the Netherlands. The associated mill, however, was not used and lay desolate, so Münch even received a tax rebate. The mill was not rebuilt until 1688, at the beginning of the 18th century a two-speed grinding mill and a board mill belonged to the Hammergut. However, the grinding mill burned down in 1721 and was initially not rebuilt.

Due to a lack of wood, the hammer mill was no longer profitable by the beginning of the 18th century at the latest, after a foreclosure auction the blast furnace was taken out of service in 1726. The mill soon represented the most profitable part of the entire Hammergut, an attempt to separate it from the Hammergut and sell it in 1729 was therefore officially rejected. It therefore remained with the Hammergut as a lease mill until 1800. In that year, the owner of the Hammergut, Johann Christian Peuckert, sold the mill to Johann Gottlob Geißler, who was already listed as the leaseholder of the mill in 1793. Geißler handed the mill over to his son of the same name in 1811. This mill, known as the Oberhüttenmühle or, after the owner, the Geißlermühle , was soon also used as an accommodation and restaurant by visitors to Biela Valley, such as Wilhelm Leberecht Götzinger and Carl Heinrich Nicolai . The private scholar Carl Merkel also liked to stop off at the mill and published a first description of the Biela valley and its rocky landscape. But it wasn't until May 6, 1824 that the miller officially received the license and authorization to entertain guests. On this occasion, Geißler and Merkel organized an inauguration ceremony on June 20, 1824, at which the mill was given the current name Swiss Mill . Despite a lawsuit by the owner of the inheritance court in Rosenthal , who saw his rights violated , Geißler purposefully expanded his mill into an inn in the following years.

Cold water facility

Cold water sanatorium around 1850

From 1837 Johann Gottlob Geißler built a cold water healing facility in addition to his previous mill and inn. He benefited from the springs in the area which, in addition to the Biela, ensured a supply of highly carbonated fresh water. In the beginning the bathing facilities only consisted of a few tubs and box baths on the Biela as well as showers and tumble baths at the mill inlet, so in 1838 the so-called Old Kurhaus, later referred to as the Gasthaus Schweizermühle, was built. In 1866, the New Kurhaus followed in the Swiss style . In addition to the spa facilities, various country houses and villas were built in the valley, each surrounded by gardens. In 1886 the mill, which was no longer in operation, and the bathhouse burned down. While the bathhouse with wave pool, swimming pool, tubs, showers and a doctor's apartment was being rebuilt, the operators finally demolished the remains of the mill. As early as 1894, the Swiss mill received electrical power from a turbine installed on the Biela. In 1897, a flood in the Biela caused severe damage, just as other floods repeatedly left devastation, such as in 1957.

In addition to other members of the German and European nobility, the most prominent visitors to the bathing establishment in 1878 were the Prussian Crown Princess Victoria and - several times until 1911 - the last Saxon King Friedrich August III.

The last owner of the cold water sanatorium had to file for bankruptcy in 1912. The extensive building complex was then taken over by Maggi AG , which set up a recreation and holiday home for its employees. During the Second World War , so-called ethnic Germans from the Soviet Union resettled in the Reich after the Hitler-Stalin Pact and then older people from bomb-prone cities were housed. After the war, expellees from the eastern regions followed, until a tuberculosis sanatorium was housed in the buildings in 1947 . This was closed in 1964. Four years later, a retirement home was set up in the buildings .

After the fall of the Wall, the old people's home was closed in 1992, until 1995 the Federal Border Police still used some of the rooms. After the transfer back to Nestlé as the legal successor of Maggi AG in 1994, the buildings were bricked up and fell into disrepair. In 2005, the Swiss Mill Association and various private individuals acquired the buildings and properties of the Swiss Mill. The inn, built in 1838, was demolished in 2009. Further efforts by the association to attract investors have so far not had any noteworthy results. Only individual buildings such as the Villa Jordan have now been renovated. On August 1, 2013, parts of the Swiss mill collapsed.

literature

  • Hans. C. Jacobs: Bad Schweizermühle and Villa Jordan. Brief history of a health resort in Saxon Switzerland in the 19th century. Lage 2008, 20 pages, ISBN 978-3-89918-172-2
  • Eduard Herzog: Brief hints about the cold water cure, based on experience and explained by medical histories along with a description of the cold water healing facility near the Swiss mill in Bielagrunde in Saxon Switzerland. Dresden 1842 ( digitized version ).
  • WE Jules: Guide through the Bielathal with special consideration of Bad Schweizermühle , Dresden 1893 ( digitized version ).
  • Richard Leo: Natural history and history from the bathing Swiss mill and from the Bielathale of Saxon Switzerland , Dresden 1892 ( digitized ).
  • Emil Adolar Moldau: Health resort to the Swiss mill in Bielagrunde near Königstein in Saxon Switzerland. Brief description of the natural healing method, medical and business program . Brummer, Dresden 1868 ( digitized version )
  • Manfred Schober : The mills of Saxon Switzerland. Left Elbe area , monographs on Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland, Volume 3, Berg- & Naturverlag Rölke, Dresden 2011, ISBN 978-3-934514-26-3 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Peter Rölke (Ed.): Wander- & Naturführer Sächsische Schweiz, Volume 2, Verlag Rölke, Dresden 2000, ISBN 3-934514-09-X , p. 234.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Gerhard Engelmann: In the south of the Barbarine (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 3). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1960, p. 57 ff.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Manfred Schober: The mills of Saxon Switzerland. Left Elbe area , monographs on Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland, Volume 3, Berg- & Naturverlag Rölke, Dresden 2011, ISBN 978-3-934514-26-3 , pp. 94–98.
  4. ↑ a b c d Schweizermühle - History , accessed on February 2, 2016
  5. ↑ http://www.sz-online.de/nachrichten/hollaender-schwaermt-von-der-schweizermuehle-1988540.html (accessed on June 13, 2011)
  6. ^ Villa Jordan , accessed October 25, 2013.
  7. ↑ http://www.ovps.de/downloads/2013_08_02_Eine_Legende_gibt_auf.pdf (accessed on August 5, 2013)