Sword pea

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Sword pea
Sword pea (Lathyrus bauhini)

Sword pea ( Lathyrus bauhini )

Systematics
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Fabeae
Genre : Flat peas ( Lathyrus )
Type : Sword pea
Scientific name
Lathyrus bauhini
Genty

The sword pea ( Lathyrus bauhini ), also called sword-leaved flat pea , is a species of the genus flat pea ( Lathyrus ) in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae). The Latin name of the species honors a Swiss botanist Bauhin. As early as the 16th century he latinized his family name as Bauhinus. Since this is an old Latinization, it is to be retained according to the regulations on botanical nomenclature with the spelling bauhini and not to be corrected to bauhinii .

description

inflorescence
Lathyrus bauhini ( herbarium from 1980)

Appearance and leaf

The sword pea is a perennial herbaceous plant . It has a creeping “rhizome” and roots that are not thickened. The vegetative parts of the plant are lively green and almost bare. The stem is ascending or upright and 20 to 50 cm high. It is simple or knotty, thin, square, but not winged.

The leaves stand rigidly upright and have a 0.5 to 1.5 cm long, winged spindle that ends in a short awn and have two or three pairs of leaflets that are very close to one another. These are lanceolate, more or less 3 to 6 cm long and 2 to 4 mm wide. They are drawn out into a long point and usually have five parallel nerves protruding strongly from the underside. The stipules are much longer than the petiole, often as long as the entire leaf spindle and narrow semi-arrow-shaped.

Inflorescence and flower

The flowering period is from May to July. The racemose inflorescences are single or in pairs, are much longer than the leaves and usually have four to ten short-stalked flowers. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic with a length of 22 millimeters and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The calyx is bell-shaped, the teeth triangular-ovoid and shorter than the tube. The typical crown of the pebbles is lively purple to blue-violet. The flag is strongly curved upwards, much longer than the wings and the likewise upwardly curved shuttle .

Fruit and seeds

The legumes are linear, flat, short pointed and more or less 5 mm wide and glabrous. The seeds are more or less ovate to spherical, smooth, and brown to black in color.

Chromosome set

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

Occurrence

The sword pea occurs naturally in the Pyrenees , Alps , in the Jura , on the northwestern Balkans , and in Germany on stony, bushy slopes and in bush pastures of the montane level .

The first literature reference on this extremely rare species goes back to a statement by Carl Otto Harz from 1861 (R. Finckh 1862: 189). Lathyrus bauhini has only one known site in Germany: On the Swabian Alb in the Hechingen area at an altitude of over 850 m. Due to overgrowth or other natural events, two other previously known sites have apparently become extinct. In terms of plant sociology, the sword pea likes to thrive in the Calamagrostio variae-Pinetum (Erico-Pinion association) or in the Laserpitio-Calamagrostietum variae (Caricion ferrugineae association).

How this southern European plant (sub-Mediterranean-pre-alpine flora element) reached its area in Swabia is a mystery. It is over 200 km away from the next deposit in the Swiss Jura. The Atlantic Vicia orobus DC shows a similar disjunction . ( Heath vetch ), which grows in meadows in La Brévine, France, next to Lathyrus bauhini and then reappears in the Spessart . She probably immigrated from France in a similar way. A final assessment of the question of their natural distribution is currently not possible. But one can imagine immigration at the time of the subatlantic Celtic migrations .

Danger

Lathyrus bauhini is classified as particularly protected according to BArtSchV . Collecting or herbarizing of this kind is strictly forbidden according to the current BArtSchV and can be punished with heavy fines. Endangerment in Germany: Category 2: endangered .

literature

  • Gustav Hegi, H. Gams, H. Marzell: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume IV. Part 3: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 2 (5) (Leguminosae - Tropaeolaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1964, ISBN 3-489-70020-1 (unchanged reprint from 1923-1924 with addendum).
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 2nd expanded edition. tape 2 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Dilleniidae): Hypericaceae to Primulaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3323-7 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .

supporting documents

  1. ↑ Rolf Wisskirchen, Henning Haeupler: Standard list of fern and flowering plants in Germany. With chromosome atlas . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 1 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3360-1 , p. 285 .
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 617.

Web links

Commons : Sword Pea ( Lathyrus bauhinii )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files