Knick-toe tree frogs

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Knick-toe tree frogs
Scinax fuscovarius

Scinax fuscovarius

Systematics
Order : Frog (anura)
Subordination : Neobatrachia
without rank: Tree frogs (arboranae)
Family : Tree frogs i. w. S. (Hylidae)
Subfamily : Knick-toe tree frogs i. w. S. (Scinaxinae)
Genre : Knick-toe tree frogs
Scientific name
Scinax
Wagler , 1830

The knick-toe tree frogs ( Scinax ) are a genus from the subfamily of the knick-toe tree frogs i. w. S. in the family of the tree frogs . The name of the genus Scinax is derived from the Greek word skinos (= quick, nimble), here in its Latin form scinax .

description

These mostly monotonously colored tree frogs have, compared to other tree frogs, a small to medium-sized head-torso length and medium-sized eyes. The adhesive discs on the fingers are wider than they are long. The webbed fingers are completely absent or reduced. The webbing between the first and second toe is missing or reduced to a hem on the second toe. Other morphological features that can be used to distinguish buck-toe tree frogs from other tree frogs include: a. the fontanel , which is emphasized behind the eyes (to different degrees), the integument of the head, which is not fused with the skull, the front part of the scaly bone , which does not reach the upper jaw , and the small jawbone, which is poorly developed and forms a joint with the upper jaw.

Originally, the Scinax species were divided into different species groups with common features, such as a characteristic coloration of the inner thighs of the S. ruber group (so-called "flash colors" ). Jungfer (1987) described the remarkable ability to bend the first finger and the first toe 90 ° forward, probably to sit more securely "upside down". Duellman & Wiens (1992) only assign this type of seating to certain species of the genus (the S. rostrata group, see systematics below ); In the literature, however, the common German name "Knickzehenlaubfösche" appears for all Scinaxinae species.

distribution

These frogs are found from eastern and southern Mexico through Central America to Argentina and Uruguay and are found on the Caribbean islands of Trinidad and Tobago and St. Lucia .

species

The genus Scinax currently counts 74 species . These correspond mainly to the earlier Scinax ruber clade:

As of October 2, 2019

In 2014 Scinax melanodactylus , Scinax villasboasi and Scinax sateremawe were newly described. Scinax melanodactylus Lourenço, Luna & Pombal, 2014, was later placed in the genus Ololygon .

2015 followed Scinax rupestris Araujo Vieira, Brandão & Faria, 2015. In January 2016, the first description of was Scinax haddadorum published. Scinax caissara Lourenço, Zina, Catroli, Kasahara, Faivovich & Haddad, 2016, was also later assigned to the genus Ololygon .

In 2016 Scinax pinima (Bokermann & Sazima, 1973) and Scinax uruguayus (Schmidt, 1944) were spun off and placed in the new genus Julianus .

In 2018, Scinax ruberoculatus Ferrão, Fraga, Moravec, Kaefer & Lima, 2018 and Scinax strussmannae Ferrão, Moravec, Kaefer, Fraga, & Lima, 2018 as well as Scinax caprarius Acosta-Galvis, 2018 and Scinax tsachila Ron, Duellman, Caminer & Pazmiño, 2018 described.

Not all authors adhere to the division of the genus Scinax into the two clades Scinax and Ololygon ; therefore, new species from the Scinax catharinae group continue to be first described as Scinax .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Savage, JM (2002): The amphibians and reptiles of Costa Rica. A herpetofauna between two continents, between two seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  2. ^ WE Duellman & JJ Wiens: The status of the hylid frog genus Ololygon and recognition of Scinax Wagler, 1830 . Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History of the University of Kansas, 151, pp. 1-23, 1992
  3. ↑ JP Pombal Jr., Célio FB Haddad & S. Kasahara (1995): A new species of Scinax (Anura: Hylidae) from southeastern Brazil, with comments on the genus . Journal of Herpetology 29: 1-6.
  4. ↑ a b Darrel R. Frost: Scinax Wagler, 1830 , Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference, Version 6.0, American Museum of Natural History, 1998-2019, accessed August 27, 2019
  5. ↑ L. de O. Drummond, D. Baêta & MRS Pires: A new species of Scinax (Anura, Hylidae) of the S. ruber clade from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Zootaxa, 1612, pp. 45-63, 2007
  6. ↑ a b A. R. Acosta-Galvis: Una nueva rana de huesos verdes del género Scinax (Anura: Hylidae) asociada a los bosques subandinos de la cuenca del río Magdalena, Colombia. Biota Colombiana 19 (Supl. 1), pp. 131–159, 2018
  7. ↑ a b Katyuscia Araujo-Vieira, Paula Hanna Valdujo & Julián Faivovich: A new species of Scinax Wagler (Anura: Hylidae) from Mato Grosso, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4061, 3, pp. 261-273, January 2016 doi : 10.11646 / zootaxa.4061.3.4
  8. ↑ a b M. Ferrão, Rafael de Fraga, J. Moravec, Igor L. Kaefer & A. Pimentel Lima: A new species of Amazonian snouted treefrog (Hylidae: Scinax) with description of a novel species-habitat association for an aquatic breeding frog. PeerJ 6: e4321, 2018
  9. ↑ a b M. Ferrão, J. Moravec, Igor L. Kaefer, Rafael de Fraga & A. Pimentel Lima: New Species of Scinax (Anura: Hylidae) with Red-Striped Eyes from Brazilian Amazon. Journal of Herpetology, 52, 4, pp. 473-486, 2018
  10. ^ A b S. R. Ron, William E. Duellman, MA Caminer & D. Pazmino: Advertisement calls and DNA sequences reveal a new species of Scinax (Anura: Hylidae) on the Pacific lowlands of Ecuador. PLoSOne: 13 (9): e0203169, 2018
  11. ↑ MJ Sturaro & PLV Peloso: A new species of Scinax Wagler, 1830 (Anura: Hylidae) from the Middle Amazon River Basin, Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 54, 9-23, 2014 doi : 10.1590 / 0031-1049.2014.54.02
  12. ↑ Katyuscia Araujo-Vieira, Reuber Albuquerque Brandão & Daniele Carvalho Do Carmo Faria: A new species of Rock-Dwelling Scinax Wagler (Anura: Hylidae) from Chapada dos Veadeiros, Central Brazil. Zootaxa, 3915, pp. 52-66, February 2015 doi : 10.11646 / zootaxa.3915.1.2
  13. ^ William E. Duellman, AB Marion & S. Blair Hedges: Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae). Zootaxa, 4104, pp. 1–109, 2016
  14. ↑ Ana Carolina Calijorne Lourenço, R. Lingnau, Célio FB Haddad & Julián Faivovich: A new species of the Scinax Catharinae group (Anura: Hylidae) from the highlands of Santa Catarina, Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology, 14, pp. 163-176, 2019.

Web links

Commons : Scinax  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Darrel R. Frost: Scinax Wagler, 1830. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference, Version 6.0, American Museum of Natural History, 1998-2019, accessed August 27, 2019