Scipione Caffarelli Borghese

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Bust (1632) of Gian Lorenzo Bernini : Cardinal Scipione Borghese
Cardinal coat of arms in San Sebastiano (Rome)

Scipione Caffarelli Borghese (born September 1, 1577 in Artena , † October 2, 1633 in Rome) was an Italian clergyman, bishop and cardinal of the Roman Church .

Life

Borghese Gallery in Rome

Scipione was born in Rome to Francisco Caffarelli and Ortensia Borghese. After his uncle Camillo Borghese was elected Pope Paul V in 1605 , Scipione Caffarelli was adopted by the new Pope, which gave him the name Borghese , and was made cardinal on July 18, 1605. As a cardinal depository he was the de facto head of the government of the Vatican from 1605 to 1621 (the function of cardinal secretary of state ) and a typical example of nepotism . From 1610 to 1612 he was archbishop of Bologna and papal legate , and 1610–1633 cardinal major penitentiary . Scipione Caffarelli Borghese was the librarian of the Holy Roman Church from 1609 , which he remained until 1618. From 1611 he was Cardinal Protector for the German Nation and from 1629 Cardinal Bishop of Sabina , he held both offices until his death.

Scipione Borghese was the founder of Villa Borghese and the Galleria Borghese painting collection in Rome, one of the most famous and valuable private painting collections in the world, now owned by the Italian state; he also had the later Palazzo Rospigliosi built by Carlo Maderno on the site of the Constantine Baths. Scipione worked tirelessly as a builder and generous patron of the arts. Among other things, he commissioned the redesign of the Cappella Caffarelli in Santa Maria sopra Minerva . A number of the sculptures by Gian Lorenzo Bernini were created on his behalf. Among other things, Bernini created two marble busts of the cardinal, which are now in the Borghese Gallery. Scipione died in 1633 and was buried in the Cappella Paolina in the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome.

literature

  • Valerio Castronovo:  Borghese Caffarelli, Scipione. In: Alberto M. Ghisalberti (Ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 12:  Bonfadini – Borrello. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1970.
  • Martin Faber: Scipione Borghese as cardinal protector. Studies on Roman micropolitics in the early modern period (= publications by the Institute for European History Mainz. Department for Occidental Religious History. Vol. 204). von Zabern, Mainz 2005, ISBN 3-8053-3402-8 (also: Freiburg (Breisgau), University, dissertation, 2002), (review by Sven Externbrink) (PDF file; 60 kB).
  • Volker Reinhardt : Cardinal Scipione Borghese (1605-1633). Assets, finances and social advancement of a papal republic. Niemeyer, Tübingen 1984, ISBN 3-484-82058-6 .

Web links

Commons : Scipione Borghese  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Torgil Magnuson: Rome in the age of Bernini. Almqvist & Wiksell International et al., Stockholm 1982, p. 103.
  2. ↑ Coat of arms of Cardinal Scipione Borghese, the librarian of the Holy Roman Church (1609-1618). ( Memento from May 5, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
predecessor Office successor
Carlo Gaudenzio Madruzzi Cardinal Bishop of Sabina
1629–1633 		Felice Centini
Alfonso Paleotti Archbishop of Bologna
1610–1612 		Alessandro Cardinal Ludovisi
personal data
SURNAME Caffarelli Borghese, Scipione
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Borghese Caffarelli, Scipione; Borghese, Scipione (common form)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian clergyman, cardinal of the Roman Church and Archbishop of Bologna
DATE OF BIRTH September 1, 1577
PLACE OF BIRTH Artena
DATE OF DEATH October 2, 1633
Place of death Rome