Sectoral circle
A sectoral district is a district that extends from a metropolis far into its hinterland. The concept of the sectoral districts was implemented most consistently in the state of Brandenburg , where eight districts border directly on the city of Berlin and extend in a tubular shape from the suburbs into the structurally weak hinterland. They almost form a geometric sector , with seven of them extending to the Brandenburg outer border.
The counterpart to a sectoral circle is the collar circle , i.e. a district that surrounds the metropolis like a "collar" and therefore contains the complete or the immediate part of the fat belt of a metropolis, such as the Regensburg district in Bavaria or the Heilbronn district in Baden -Wuerttemberg . Such collar circles also existed in North Rhine-Westphalia until the territorial reform of 1973/75 ( Bielefeld , Herford and Münster districts ).
The underlying idea for a sectoral circle is that, thanks to the sectoral circle principle, the respective district has both prosperous regions and areas with poor infrastructure in its area and can still stand financially on its own two feet. The seat of the district administration in the outer, structurally weak area is intended to generate economic impetus in the disadvantaged areas. The aim is to transfer part of the added value of the metropolis to the peripheral hinterland of the area.
There are sectoral circles:
- in Brandenburg in relation to the metropolis of Berlin (eight districts),
- in Lower Saxony around the regional center of Bremen (five districts),
- in Schleswig-Holstein around the metropolis of Hamburg (four districts),
- in Thuringia around the state capital Erfurt (four districts),
- in Bavaria also around the city and the district of Munich (altogether nine districts).
There are also more than three districts around a large city in Hessen around Frankfurt am Main and in Baden-Württemberg around Stuttgart , although not all of them have such strong structural differences.
In Lower Saxony, the sectoral circle principle was applied in relation to Bremen. With regard to the state capital Hanover, the founding of the Hanover region , which is a result of the merger of the former Hanover collar district with the city of Hanover, was in a certain way merely a modified form of the collar circle.
In addition to the advantages described, the sectoral circle principle also has decisive weaknesses. So the coordination between the metropolis and the surrounding area, z. B. with regard to the designation of industrial areas, construction of roads, etc. are made more difficult, since the metropolis has to carry out such coordination not only with a Kragen district, but also with a large number of district administrations, which in turn wish to enforce their particular interests. Furthermore, as described, the sectoral circle deliberately deviates from the principle that an administrative center should be located as far as possible in the geographical center or at least in the area of the population center of an administrative unit. Due to the tubular shape and the peripheral location of the district seat in the sparsely populated outside area, the majority of the district's population is forced to walk very long distances to deal with administrative matters. Since historical borders and spaces can hardly be taken into account when determining the sectoral circle, it is also difficult for the population to identify with the district as their traditional home region.
The sectoral circle principle lies solely in the interests of the surface land . Significantly, sectoral districts were created in large states mainly around metropolises that do not belong to the relevant federal state, i.e. the state has no or no direct interest in the economic prosperity of the metropolis. However, if the metropolis itself belongs to the area of land, the advantage for the metropolis is also an advantage for the country itself. In such cases, there are therefore more collar circles or, more recently, the modified form of the regions, ie. H. Regional districts . This is very evident in the example of Lower Saxony, where sectoral districts were created around Bremen on the one hand, and the opposite model was favored around Hanover and the Hanover region on the other.
In Austria, in addition to the capital Vienna, there are the sectoral districts Korneuburg , Gänserndorf , Bruck an der Leitha , Mödling , St. Pölten and Tulln .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Assessment of the district reform in Brandenburg (PDF; 193 kB)