Siebenstromland
Coordinates: 45 ° 23 '54 " N , 78 ° 2' 49" E
The Seven Rivers Land ( Kazakh Жетісу Schetissu ; Kyrgyz Джетисуу Dschetisuu ; Russian Семиречье Semirechye ) is the historical name for a landscape in Central Asia .
geography
The Seven Streams is a sloping plain sloping from the mountain ranges of northern Tianshan and the Djungarian Alatau to Lake Balkhash , Sassykköl and Alaköl . It is named after the seven main rivers Ili , Qaratal , Bien , Aqsu , Lepsi , Baskan and Sarqan . In the south is the mountain lake Issyk-Kul .
Broad sandy deserts ( Taukum , Saryesik-Atyrau , Ljukkum ), which are criss-crossed by numerous dry valleys ( Bakanas ) , adjoin the southern flat shore of Lake Balkhash . The Siebenstromland, which is essentially covered with desert vegetation, is used as winter pasture, only in the northwest, in the area of the water-rich Ili, is irrigated agriculture practiced . The foothills are covered by light deciduous forest up to a height of 2000 meters , above that by coniferous forest.
Beyond the foothills in the south lies the Tarim Basin and in the east the Djungarian Gate and behind it the Djungarian Islands .
history
The Siebenstromland was part of many steppe empires - so it came in the 5th century to the empire of the Rouran , from 552 to 630 to the First Turk-Kaganat , from 715 the Türgesch won the rule, they followed from 766 the Karluken . Allied with the Karluken, the Kyrgyz came around 840 , conquered parts and incorporated it into their Kyrgyz empire . After 1125 the Kara Kitai established their empire in the land of the Seven Rivers. The cities in the Seven Rivers reached a peak in size and population in the 11th and 12th centuries, and began to decline in the 14th century.
The Mongols conquered the country around 1220 , later the land of the Seven Rivers belonged to the Mongolian Chagatai Khanate , whose power fell in the 16th century. The area was assigned to Mogulistan from this time . In 1643 the Djungars under Khungtaidschi Batur came to the country and conquered it - the area now belongs to the Djungarian khanate . During this time it was also called 'West Djungary'.
In 1755, under the Qing Dynasty , China conquered the Land of the Seven Rivers and defeated the Djungars. In the 19th century, Russia took control of most of the area, and the Soviet Union followed in 1917 .
Today the country of the Seven Rivers is politically largely part of Kazakhstan , the southern and southeastern peripheral areas to Kyrgyzstan and the Uyghur Autonomous Region Xinjiang of the People's Republic of China .
literature
- VV Barthold : History of the Semirechyé. In: Ders .: Four Studies on the History of Central Asia. Volume I. EJ Brill, Leiden 1956 (Russian first publication: Almaty 1893)
- Anton Gass: The land of the seven rivers in the 2nd to 1st millennium BC Chr. In: eTopoi. Journal for Ancient Studies , Volume 3, 2014, pp. 87-106
Remarks
- ^ Jürgen Paul : Central Asia. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2012 ( Neue Fischer Weltgeschichte , Volume 10), p. 292.