Roof houseleek

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Roof houseleek
Roof houseleek (Sempervivum tectorum)

Roof houseleek ( Sempervivum tectorum )

Systematics
Family : Thick-leaf family (Crassulaceae)
Subfamily : Sempervivoideae
Tribe : Semperviveae
Genre : Hauswurzen ( Sempervivum )
Section : Sempervivum sect. Sempervivum
Type : Roof houseleek
Scientific name
Sempervivum tectorum
L.

The houseleek ( Sempervivum tectorum ), and True Hauswurz , Common Houseleek , Thunder Wurz , Alpine Hauswurz called, is a plant type , which belongs to the family of the Crassulaceae (Crassulaceae) and the genus Houseleeks ( Sempervivum belongs). The specific epithet tectorum comes from Latin and is derived from the plural of 'roof'.

description

Sempervivum tectorum grows with open rosettes 5 to 7 (rarely 2 to 20) centimeters in diameter, which form 4 to 10 centimeters long, strong runners . The elongated, lanceolate to obovate leaves are mostly dark green to glaucous and convex on both sides. The color is very variable and also shows yellow, brown and red tones. The leaf blade is 20 to 60 millimeters long and 10 to 15 millimeters wide and has an attached tip. The eyelashes are strikingly white, but have no glandular heads. In the variety Sempervivum tectorum var. Tectorum , the leaf surfaces are bare or covered with very few, scattered hairs . The variety Sempervivum tectorum var. Arvernense , however, has short, glandular, downy-haired leaf surfaces.

Roof root blossom

The flowering shoots reach a length of 20 to 60 centimeters, in the autochthonous representatives in the mountains it is hardly more than 35 cm high. The large, dense inflorescence is more or less flat or panicle-like. It consists of 40 to over 100 individual flowers. The flowers are usually ten to thirteen, but can vary from six to 16 petals. Your pointed sepals are about 8 millimeters long and about 4 millimeters fused together. The whitish, cloudy pink or purple colored, pointed petals are linear to lanceolate and 9 to 12 millimeters long and about 2 millimeters wide. At their base they are ciliate and downy-haired. The stamens are bright red-purple, the stamens red. The awkward stylus is somewhat purple in color. The green nectar flakes are semicircular.

The chromosome number is rare or .

Roof houseleek on a tile roof, fruiting
Roof houseleek on a thatched roof in Schleswig-Holstein

Systematics, location and distribution

The distribution area of Sempervivum tectorum includes the mountains of Western, Central and Southern Europe and extends from the Central Pyrenees over the Central Massif to the southeastern Alps and the southern Apennines . The species is often cultivated. It is therefore overgrown from Scandinavia to Ireland , the rest of Europe and the Caucasus, as well as Iran . It thrives in societies of the Sedo-Scleranthetea or Asplenietea class, but also occurs in settlement areas on gravel roofs in the society of Saxifrago tridactylitae-Poetum compressae from the Alysso-Sedion association. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises from 1300 meters between the Gerstrubener Alpe and the Dietersbach-Alpe to 2100 meters above sea level in the Tyrolean part on the south-western slopes between Jöchelspitze and Rothornspitze.

The first description was in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . Synonyms are Sedum tectorum (L.) Scop. , Sempervivum alpinum Griseb. & Schenk , Sempervivum assimile Schott , Sempervivum tectorum subsp. schottii Wettst.

A distinction is made between the following varieties:

  • Sempervivum tectorum var. Arvernense (Lecoq & Lamotte) Zonn.
    This variety has not only ciliate but also downy, hairy leaf surfaces, but these are short glandular hairs. It occurs in the Massif Central, and the representatives of the species in the Apennines, which are hairy on the leaf surfaces, are also included.
  • Sempervivum tectorum var. Tectorum
    This variety has ciliate leaves only on the edge. The leaf surfaces are smooth, only a few short hairs can be seen now and then. It occurs autochthonously in the Central Pyrenees , in the Catalan Coastal Mountains, in the Jura and in the Alps to the southeastern Alps . The occurrences in the Moselle and Ahr valleys are not certain whether they are autochthonous.

According to Marhold there is also a subspecies:

  • Sempervivum tectorum subsp. atlanticum (Hook. f.) Ball (Syn .: Sempervivum tectorum var. atlanticum Hook. f. , Sempervivum atlanticum (Hook. f.) Ball ): It occurs in Morocco.

use

Illustration in Leonhart Fuchs ' New Kreüterbuch from 1543

The roof houseleek is an old cultivar . This is the variety Sempervivum tectorum var. Tectorum . One of these cultivars has degenerate flowers, the petals of which are bent upwards and the stamens are often degenerate. She is also in the New Kreüterbuch of Leonhart Fuchs imaged by 1,543th In addition, there is a cultivar indistinguishable from the rosettes with fertile flowers. These old cultivars are very vigorous and have a flowering drive of up to 60 cm in height, a very spreading and flower-rich inflorescence and a rosette diameter of up to 15 cm in diameter. Since ancient times they have been used as magic, medicinal and ornamental plants, initially also for roofs, as their name suggests. Numerous other German-speaking (and other) folk names testify to the importance of this species for humans. Since the Alps were opened up for tourism, more types of sites have come into cultivation, which have been selected for their rosette color. They are the basis for many of today's varieties.

literature

  • Henk 't Hart, Bert Bleij, Ben Zonneveld: Sempervivum . In: Urs Eggli (Ed.) Succulent lexicon. Crassulaceae (thick leaf family) . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3998-7 , pp. 363-364.
  • Manuel Werner: Houseleek species in the Alps. Sempervivum and Jovibarba . In: Avonia . Volume 28, Number 4, 2010, pp. 116-119 and 159-169.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton: Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-642-05597-3 , p. 236.
  2. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  484-485 .
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 638.
  4. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum . 1st edition 1753, Volume 1, p. 464, (online) .
  5. ↑ Karol Marhold, 2011: Crassulaceae : data sheet Sempervivum tectorum In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  6. ↑ Béla Gunda, Uzonka Pap: Sempervivum tectorum, the houseleek , in Hungarian folk medicine. In: Curare 16, 1993, No. 2, pp. 81-90.
  7. ↑ Manuel Werner: Houseleek species of the Alps. Sempervivum and Jovibarba . In: Avonia . Volume 28, Number 4, 2010, pp. 116-119 and 159-165.

Web links

Commons : Roof Houseleek  - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files