Serravalle (Trentino)

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Serravalle
Country Italy
region Trentino-South Tyrol
province Trento  (TN)
local community Ala
Coordinates 45 ° 49 '  N , 11 ° 1'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 48 '43 "  N , 11 ° 0' 51"  E
height 175  m slm
Residents 581 ()
patron St. Fabian and St. Sebastian
Telephone code 0464 CAP 38061

Serravalle , also known as Serravalle all'Adige , is a fraction of the municipality ( comune ) Ala in Trentino in the autonomous region of Trentino-Alto Adige .

geography

Serravalle is located about 30 kilometers west-southwest of Trento at an altitude of 175 mslm on the orographic left side of the valley in Vallagarina , as this section of the Adige Valley is called.

The valley here forms an approximately 900 m wide narrow point, which is also referred to by the place name (German: Tal-Enge). Serravalle is delimited between the western foothills of Monte Zugna and the Adige . The latter formed a meander at this point until it was straightened in the 19th century , which was created on the opposite side of the valley due to the alluvial cone of the Rio Sorne. This loop of the river almost completely filled the valley floor and was an additional obstacle.

Due to these conditions, the place was created about 30 m above the valley floor. The districts located in the valley floor, such as Serravalle bassa, are all more recent and only arose after the Adige river was straightened.

The surroundings of the place are shaped by viticulture , which is cultivated in a terraced form up the mountain slopes, but also defines the valley floor.

history

Memorial stone at the point where the Austro-Hungarian parliamentarians asked on October 29, 1918 to commence armistice negotiations

Two axes from the Bronze Age represent the oldest human finds found in Serravalle.

During the construction of the Brenner Railway in 1857, the remains of a Roman necropolis from the 1st to 3rd centuries AD were found directly below the town center .

The place is first mentioned as Sarnis on the Via Claudia Augusta in the Itinerarium Antonini in the 3rd century AD.

The strategic importance of the bottleneck meant that a castle was built in the Middle Ages , which was first mentioned in 1240. Castel Serravalle, consisting of an upper and lower castle, was subsequently expanded by the Castelbarco and then by the Venetians . In 1487, the Venetian troops gathered near Serravalle in the war between Venice and Tyrol , which culminated in the battle of Calliano . After Venice withdrew from southern Trentino in 1509 after the defeat at Agnadello , the castle fell to the Dukes of Austria and Counts of Tyrol . The latter gave up the facility so that it fell into disrepair. Over the centuries, the ruins were then almost completely removed.

Nevertheless, the bottleneck remained of military importance and during the Napoleonic era in 1813 some entrenchments were built near the castle ruins.

In 1843 Serravalle received parish status. To this the place with the neighboring places Ala, Avio , Borghetto, Chizzola, Pilcante and Ronchi was a center of the silk production in Trentino, which had been introduced in Ala in the 16th century. The latter suffered a severe slump due to the loss of the Lombardy and Veneto markets in 1859 and 1866 due to the Italian wars of independence , which ultimately triggered an economic structural change.

In the second half of the 19th century, with the construction of the Brennerbahn and the Brennerstraße, today's SS 12 , the Adige near Serravalle was straightened.

After the Italian entry into the First World War in 1915, the place was occupied by Italian troops in early June 1915. After the Austro-Hungarian spring offensive in 1916, the foremost Italian line was on the northern outskirts. As a result, Serravalle was a target of the Austro-Hungarian artillery and was badly affected. On the morning of October 29, 1918, Austro-Hungarian General Staff Officer Camillo Ruggera , accompanied by two soldiers with a white flag, presented himself in front of the Italian lines near Serravalle, in order to initiate armistice negotiations on behalf of the Armistice Commission set up by the Austro-Hungarian Army High Command under General Viktor Weber von Webenau led to the signing of the armistice on November 3, 1918.

In 1928 Serravalle was incorporated and attached to Ala to the south. During the Second World War , the parallel Brennerbahn and Brennerstaatsstraße near Serravalle were the target of Allied air raids, which also hit the town.

traffic

Serravalle train station with the historic town center in the background

The Brennerstaatsstraße SS 12 runs through the new districts. Serravalle also has a train station on the Brennerbahn. The A22 Brenner motorway runs parallel to the railway and can be reached via the Rovereto Sud exits in the north or Ala / Avio in the south. In addition, a bridge across the Adige connects with the Strada provinciale SP 90 on the orographic right side of the valley.

Attractions

  • Local church, consecrated to Saints Fabian and Sebastian. Located in the historic center of Serravalle on the so-called Roman road ( Strada romana ). The single-nave former parish church, built on an artificial terrace, was first mentioned at the end of the 15th century. It has been redesigned several times, its current classical appearance goes back to the 19th century. The church was badly damaged during World War I, so the wall paintings inside all date from the period after. Only parts of the presbytery have been preserved from the old church .
  • Memorial stone on October 29, 1918, when Austria-Hungary asked Italy to commence armistice negotiations during the First World War . Located at the northern entrance to the town directly on the roadside of the SS 12 and the adjacent Brenner Railway.

literature

  • Annamaria Azzolini: Castello di Serravalle . In: Elisa Possenti et al. (Ed.): APSAT 5: castra, castelli e domus murate: corpus dei siti fortificati trentini tra tardo antico e basso medioevo: schede 2 . Società archeologica padana, Mantua 2013 ISBN 978-88-87115-80-2
  • Lidia Flöss (Ed.): I nomi locali dei comuni di Ala Avio . Provincia autonoma di Trento. Servizio beni librari e archivistici, Trient 1999 ISBN 978-88-7702-088-8
  • Aldo Gorfer: Le valli del Trentino: guida geografico-storico-artistico-ambientale. Trentino orientale . Manfrini, Calliano 1989 ISBN 978-88-7024-286-7
  • Eva Macho: Karl Friedrich Nowak (1882–1932): His work as a war correspondent, author and publisher from a contemporary and today's perspective . Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2008 ISBN 978-3-631-58168-1
  • Barbara Maurina: Una necropoli romana a Serravalle all'Adige . In: Museo civico di Rovereto (ed.): Annali del Museo civico di Rovereto Volume 13 (1997) Rovereto 1999 ( PDF )
  • Mirko Santacattarina: Caratteristiche geomorfologiche della Val Lagarina e del Fiume Adige nel tratto compreso tra Besenello e Chizzola . In: Museo civico di Rovereto (ed.): Annali del Museo civico di Rovereto Volume 17 (2001) Rovereto 2003. ( PDF )
  • Mariano Welber: La battaglia di Calliano 10 agosto 1487. Cronaca desunta dalle fonti narrative , Comune di Calliano 1987.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lidia Flöss (Ed.): I nomi locali dei comuni di Ala Avio p. 24
  2. ↑ a b Aldo Gorfer: Le Valli del Trentino: guida geografico-storico-artistico-ambientale. Trentino orientale p. 161
  3. ↑ Lidia Flöss (Ed.): I nomi locali dei comuni di Ala Avio p. 32
  4. ↑ Barbara Maurina: Una necropoli romana a Serravalle all'Adige p. 3-18
  5. ↑ Lidia Flöss (Ed.): I nomi locali dei comuni di Ala Avio p. 33
  6. ↑ Annamaria Azzolini: Castello di Serravalle p. 17
  7. ↑ Mariano Welber: La Battaglia di Calliano 10 agosto 1487. Cronaca desunta dalle fonti narrative S. 30-34
  8. ↑ Lidia Flöss (Ed.): I nomi locali dei comuni di Ala Avio pp. 40, 46
  9. ^ Mirko Santacattarina: Caratteristiche geomorfologiche della Val Lagarina e del Fiume Adige nel tratto compreso tra Besenello e Chizzola p. 156
  10. ^ Eva Macho: Karl Friedrich Nowak (1882-1932): His work as a war correspondent, author and publisher from a contemporary and today's perspective, pp. 181-183
  11. ^ Villa Giusti - 100 years of the First World War , accessed on October 29, 2018.
  12. ↑ Lidia Flöss (Ed.): I nomi locali dei comuni di Ala Avio p. 46
  13. ↑ Aldo Gorfer: Le Valli del Trentino: guida geografico-storico-artistico-ambientale. Trentino orientale p. 162