Short 360

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Short 360
Short 360-100 Streamline Aviation
Short 360-100 Streamline Aviation
Type: Airliner
Design country:

United KingdomUnited Kingdom United Kingdom

Manufacturer:

Short Brothers

First flight:

June 1, 1981

Commissioning:

1982

Production time:

until 1991

Number of pieces:

165

The Short 360 (also: Shorts 360 ) is a 36-passenger short-haul passenger aircraft from the former British aircraft manufacturer Short Brothers .

history

Shorts 360 of the Aerocondor at Madeira Airport

On July 10, 1980, Short announced an improved model of the Short 330 - the SD3-60, later the Short 360. Six months ahead of schedule, the first test machine (G-ROOM) took off for its maiden flight on June 1, 1981. At that time, the main competitors Saab SF-340 , Embraer EMB 120 , de Havilland Canada DHC-8 and ATR 42 had not yet flown, but unlike the Short 360, they are all pressurized . Almost 14 months later, the second test aircraft (G-WIDE) also took off .

On November 11, 1982, the first Short 360 went to the US American Suburban Airlines . After production got up to the point where an aircraft left the factory every 14 days, the old 330 customer base began to buy the 360. Two Pratt & Whitney PT6A-25B propeller turbines, each with an output of 862 kW (1,172 hp ), served as the drive . These were characterized by their economic efficiency .

In November 1985, Short introduced the 360 ​​Advanced. It had a more powerful drive (two Pratt & Whitney PT6A-65AR propeller turbines, each with an output of 1,062 kW (1,444 hp)). The pattern was later renamed Short 360-200, which is why all machines previously produced were named Short 360-100. The first two 360-200 went to the domestic airline Thai Airways Company .

Another version was launched in February 1987, the Short 360-300. She received two propeller turbines Pratt & Whitney PT6A-67R and a six-blade propeller as a drive. In addition, the wing struts and engine nacelles have been revised. The first 360-300 went to Philippine Airlines .

Shortly thereafter, Short developed the cargo version 360-300F. It could hold five LD3 containers / pallets with a total weight of up to 4,536 kg. In 1989 the first 360-300F went to Rheinland Air Service and another in June 1991. This was also the last Short 360 to be shipped. 165 aircraft had been manufactured until production was discontinued. In Germany, the Short 360 was used by Nightexpress as a freighter until 2017.

construction

The Short 360 can accommodate up to 36 passengers. For this, the fuselage of the 330 was lengthened by 91 cm and the wings . In addition, the 360 ​​received a completely new tail with an undivided vertical tail . This machine was intended for feeder operation within a distance of 200 to 250 km. Due to the relatively low altitude of only 3050 m, it was possible to dispense with pressure ventilation and thus save costs. The fuselage, which was also aerodynamically improved, received an enlarged luggage compartment, which eliminated a weakness of the Short 330. Very unusual is the fact that the captain and first officer access their respective seats through two cockpit doors on the right and left outside of the cabin.

Versions

  • 360-100 - basic version, P&W PT6A-65R
  • 360-200 - P&W PT6A-65AR (initially referred to as 360 Advanced )
  • 360-300 - P&W PT6A-67AR with autopilot and six-blade propellers
  • 360-300F - freight version
  • C-23B + Sherpa - Combined version of 360 (fuselage) and C-23A Sherpa (rear including tail unit)
  • C-23C Sherpa - C-23B and C-23B + with improved avionics (48 upgraded)

Incidents

From the first flight in 1981 to March 2020, there were 16 total write-offs of aircraft with Short 360. 95 people were killed in 7 of them. Selection:

  • On February 27, 2001, a Short 360-100 of the British Loganair (G-BNMT) suffered a double engine failure shortly after taking off from Edinburgh Airport ( Scotland ). The pilots tried in the near Firth of Forth a ditching perform, the aircraft broke. The machine was to be flown to Belfast on behalf of Royal Mail Post and Freight . The cause of the accident was snow in the engine intakes, which had accumulated during the ground time, came off a few seconds after the engine de-icing was switched on and almost completely blocked the air supply. Both pilots, the only occupants, were killed.
  • On March 4, 2001, a Florida Army National Guard (93-1336) Short C-23B + crashed near Unadilla , Georgia , on a flight from Florida to Virginia . Weight shift and severe turbulence had caused the aircraft to rock and break. The 18 passengers and the three-man crew died (see also Priority Air Transport Flight 528 ) .

Technical specifications

Parameter Short 360-100 data
crew 2 pilots
Passengers 36
length 21.59 m
span 22.81 m
height 7.21 m
Wing area 42.18 m²
Wing extension 12.3
Empty mass 7,666 kg
Max. Takeoff mass 11,793 kg
Max. speed 393 km / h
Service ceiling 3,050 m
Range at cruising speed with maximum payload 806 km
Engines two propeller turbines Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-65R with 990 kW (1,327 hp) each

See also

literature

  • Types of aircraft in the world. Weltbild Verlag GmbH, Augsburg 1997, ISBN 3-86047-593-2 .

Web links

Commons : Short 360  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Tony Eastwood and John Roach: Turbo Prop Airliner Production List . West Drayton: The Aviation Hobby Shop, 2007, pp. 455-464.
  2. ↑ Accident Statistics Short 360 , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on April 1, 2020.
  3. ^ Accident report Short 360 HB-AAM , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on December 11, 2018.
  4. ^ Accident report Short 360 G-BNMT , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on March 9, 2020.
  5. ↑ Accident report SD-330 / C-23B 93-1336 , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on November 25, 2018.
  6. ^ Accident report Short 360 N380MQ , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on April 3, 2017.