De Havilland DHC-8

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De Havilland DHC-8
Flybe Q400 G-JECL.JPG
A DHC-8-400 of the flybe
Type: Regional aircraft
Design country:

CanadaCanada Canada

Manufacturer:
First flight:

June 20, 1983

Commissioning:

1984

Production time:

In series production since 1983

Number of pieces:

1,275 (as of January 12, 2020)

The De Havilland DHC-8 , originally de Havilland Canada DHC-8 , later Bombardier DHC-8 and colloquially called Dash 8 after the English word for dash , is a family of twin-engine turboprop regional aircraft . It was developed by aircraft manufacturer de Havilland Canada in the early 1980s . Bombardier Aerospace acquired de Havilland from Boeing in 1992 ; the DHC-8 was temporarily referred to as the Bombardier Q Series for marketing reasons. In 2019, Longview Aviation Capital acquired the entire Dash-8 program from Bombardier Aerospace and moved it into a new subsidiary, renamed De Havilland Aircraft of Canada .

history

Cockpit of a DHC-8-400

The DHC-8 ( called "Dash 8" by the manufacturer ) was the first of the new generation of high-performance turboprop machines that came onto the market in the 1980s. De Havilland Canada began its development as the successor to the four-engine DHC-7 in 1980. The DHC-8 had its maiden flight on June 20, 1983, and serial production began a year later.

From the second quarter of 1996 onwards, all new DHC-8s (including the 400 series) were provided with active noise and vibration suppression (NVS) , as Bombardier wanted to match the interior noise and vibrations during the flight to those of a jet-powered passenger jet . In order to make the greater comfort even clearer, the manufacturer's designation of the machines was changed from Dash 8 to Dash 8Q ("quiet"). Today Bombardier only offers the Q 400 (Q Series) model . The main competitors of the DHC-8 are the ATR 42 and ATR 72 , as well as the aging Fokker 50 .

The first version - the DHC-8-100 with 36 seats - had its maiden flight on June 20, 1983. It was followed almost ten years later by the 200 series with new engines. With these, the machine is almost 30 km / h faster and enables a higher take-off weight. The 300 version that followed was stretched by 3.43 m (now 56 passengers). The latest version (first flight on January 31, 1998) is the DHC-8Q-400 with up to 78 passengers and further improved, quieter engines. The first delivery of these machines was in summer 1999.

For the machines of the 100, 200 and 300 versions, Field Aviation offers a conversion of the cockpit equipment to five EFI-890R LCD screens. The first machine was handed over to the Icelandic Coast Guard in June 2011 after the supplementary approval was granted by the Canadian Aviation Authority on April 12, 2011.

The Dash-8-Q400 program was sold to Longview Aviation Capital of Canada for $ 300 million in late 2018.

Versions

A De Havilland Canada DHC-8-100 from Widerøe
An
Air Greenland De Havilland Canada DHC-8-200
An
ANA De Havilland Canada DHC-8-300
Austrian DHC-8-400 at Innsbruck Airport

DHC-8-100

The colloquially called "Dash 8-100" known STOL - plane should, with a capacity of up to 40 passengers, the gap between the larger DHC-7 and the smaller DHC-6 Twin Otter close. The DHC-8-100 had its maiden flight on June 20, 1983, was delivered from December 1984 and has not been offered as a new aircraft since 2005.

DHC-8-200

Almost ten years later, the 200 series followed with new engines (later "Dash 8Q-200") . This increased the cruising speed of the machine by over 30 km / h and also increased its take-off weight. It has not been built since 2009.

DHC-8-300

The 300 series (later marketed as the "Dash 8Q-300" ) was stretched 3.43 m and can accommodate up to 56 passengers. It was developed from 1986, three years later it was in service with various airlines. Their first flight took place on May 15, 1987. Production ended in 2009.

DHC-8-400

The latest version of this type of aircraft is the version called "Dash 8Q-400" by the manufacturer, with space for a maximum of 86 passengers and further developed, quieter engines, greater range and significantly higher cruising speed. The roll-out ceremony took place on November 21, 1997, the first flight on January 31, 1998. Certification and first deliveries followed in the summer of the following year.

In contrast to its siblings, the DHC-8-400 has an electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) from Thales and modern avionics .

The Q400 has been supplied as a NextGen version since 2009 . It has a modernized interior, among other things with LED lighting and larger storage compartments. Longer maintenance intervals were also promised. Since 2014, the Q400 NextGen has also been available with 86 seats.

The Q400F are DHC-8Q-400s converted into freighters with a nine-tonne payload. The first machine was converted by the Canadian company Cascade Aerospace in Vancouver and has been in service with the Swedish airline Nord-Flyg since the beginning of 2009.

In August 2011, the first two DHC-8-400s in VIP seating were handed over from Field Aviation to Avitrade Belgium. The number of seats varies between 28 and 40.

In July 2014, the Japanese airline Ryūkyū Air Commuter was the first to order a Combi version that can transport four tons of cargo and 50 passengers.

In February 2016, Bombardier announced that it would offer a version for up to 90 passengers in the future. This requires adjustments to the fuselage and the seat spacing shrinks to 71 centimeters.

Bombardier investigated another stretch of the DHC-8-400 under the project name Q400X in order to be able to carry up to 90 passengers. However, no decision has yet been made about a program start.

Incidents

From 1988 to May 2019, there were a total of 26 aircraft accidents with the total loss of the aircraft while the DHC-8 was in operation. A total of 180 people were killed in eight of them. Examples:

  • On November 21, 1990, a Bangkok Airways DHC-8-100 ( aircraft registration HS-SKI ) crashed from Bangkok to Ko Samui shortly before landing in a coconut plantation. Confused by a failed landing attempt, the pilots flew into a storm in which they lost their bearings. All 38 occupants, including 33 passengers, lost their lives (see also Bangkok Airways flight 125 ) .
  • On June 9, 1995, the captain of a DHC-8-100 from Ansett New Zealand (ZK-NEY) , which was flying from Auckland to Palmerston North Airport, interrupted the first officer several times on the approach while he was working through the landing checklist. The master instructed the first officer to skip individual points on the checklist and to extend the landing gear. Distracted in this way from his actual task of flying the aircraft, the captain finally steered the machine into hilly terrain ( controlled flight into terrain ). Of the 21 people on board, four died - the flight attendant and three passengers (see also Ansett New Zealand flight 703 ) .
  • On October 13, 2011, a DHC-8-100 of PNG Air (P2-MCJ) on the way from Lae to Madang was largely destroyed in an emergency landing during the approach. 28 passengers were killed in the accident and 4 survivors were rescued, including both pilots.
  • On October 5, 2013, a DHC-8-200 (N356PH) operated by Win Win Services for the United States Air Force had an accident near Acandí , Colombia , in mountainous terrain. There were 6 people on board the machine. The two pilots survived, the four passengers were killed in the accident. The cause of the accident is not known and hardly any details about the circumstances of the accident were communicated to the public. The machine was on a secret mission to monitor the border between Panama and Colombia to curb organized drug smuggling .
  • On September 30, 2015, a Luxair DHC-8-400 ( LX-LGH ) had an accident while taking off on runway 09 at Saarbrücken Airport . The co-pilot accidentally unlocked the landing gear during take-off, shortly before take-off, causing the landing gear to retract, the aircraft sagging and sliding along the runway for another 500 meters on the fuselage until it came to a standstill. None of the 16 passengers and four crew members were injured in the accident. However, the machine was badly damaged, which is why Luxair decided to replace the machine.
  • On August 11, 2018, a DHC-8-400 of the airline Horizon Air (N449QX) , a subsidiary of Alaska Airlines, crashed in South Puget Sound near Seattle . The machine was stolen by an employee of this company , who died in the crash. There were no passengers on board. The accident investigations revealed that the machine was deliberately steered into the ground, i.e. that it was a pilot suicide.
  • On July 14, 2020, a DHC-8 landed in Beledweyne in a collision with a donkey. The DHC-8 came off the runway and started to burn shortly afterwards. All three inmates survived.


Breakdown series with the chassis of the DHC-8-400

Because of several problems with the machine's landing gear, Bombardier itself recommended on September 12, 2007 a take-off ban for aircraft of this type with more than 10,000 landings. Around 60 aircraft worldwide were affected. Within a week there had been two crash landings and two more emergency landings of the Scandinavian airline SAS due to technical defects. On September 14, 2007, the landing gear manufacturer, Goodrich Corporation , had already issued inspection instructions that were distributed by Bombardier to the owners of the aircraft concerned. According to these manufacturer's instructions, the machines can be put back into service after the inspection. Nevertheless, on September 21, 2007, a DHC-8-400 from Augsburg Airways had to abort the approach to landing in Florence and return to Munich because the nose landing gear could not be properly extended. The pilots landed without injuries.

DHC-8-400 of the ANA after a "belly landing" at the airport Kōchi , because the nose landing gear could not be extended

On October 27, 2007 another incident occurred with a DHC-8-400 of the Scandinavian airline SAS in Copenhagen, where the right main landing gear could not be extended. The pilots then landed the aircraft with only the left main landing gear extended; no one was injured during the emergency landing. As a result, SAS withdrew all 27 machines in use without any time limit. All SAS DHC-8 machines were checked until the beginning of November and then approved. This means that in just two months, three SAS DHC-8-400s with problems with the main landing gear crashed. On October 28, the company decided to permanently remove all DHC-8-400 machines from its own fleet as well as from the fleet of its subsidiary Widerøe and to purchase other types of aircraft as replacements. The manufacturer Bombardier expressed disappointment with the decision and pointed out that the investigations into the incidents had not yet been completed and the cause had not yet been established. After the first two crash landings, SAS also announced claims for damages from Bombardier in the amount of 500 million Swedish kronor (55 million euros) for rust on the chassis hydraulics of almost all machines.

The EASA then took a survey before and came in early November to the conclusion that the last accident is not related to the previous one, but also due to improper maintenance by SAS. Since there were no design defects in this particular case, EASA was of the opinion that there was no doubt about the general flight safety of the machines. In the other cases, however, there was a faulty design. Corrosion on a thread ensured that the undercarriage did not lock into place and yielded when it touched down. The problem has now been resolved by using specially sealed components.

In March 2008, the SAS reached an agreement with Bombardier and ordered 13 CRJ-900 regional jets and 14 new DHC-8-400s for the Widerøe and Air Baltic subsidiaries on preferential terms.

On September 27, 2013 had a DHC-8-400 of Croatia Airlines on the Zurich airport , because the nose gear did not extend an emergency landing, this accident is not technically related to the problems of of 2007.

In February 2017, the right landing gear of a DHC-8-400 Havilland operated by the British airline Flybe buckled on landing at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol .

On June 25, 2017, the passengers of an Air Berlin DHC-8-400 had to put on their life jackets when approaching Venice Airport because the correct extension of the landing gear could not be ensured.

On November 10, 2017, a Flybe DHC-8 had to make an emergency landing on the flight from Belfast City Airport to Inverness after a 2-hour waiting loop at Belfast International Airport because there were problems with the extension of the nose wheel. One passenger was injured.

On January 11, 2018, the nose wheel of a DHC-8 of the LOT buckled on the flight from Krakow to Warsaw .

On July 14, 2020, a DHC-8 landed in Beledweyne in a collision with a donkey. The DHC-8 came off the runway and started to burn shortly afterwards. All three inmates survived. Link text

Military users

CT-142 DHC-8 "Gonzo" of the Royal Canadian Air Force
USAF E-9A "Widget" from the United States Air Force
ArubaAruba Aruba / Netherlands AntillesNetherlands AntillesNetherlands Antilles 
Coast Guard (2)
AustraliaAustralia Australia
Coast Guard (10)
IcelandIceland Iceland
Coast Guard (1)
JapanJapan Japan
Coast Guard (8)
CanadaCanada Canada
Navigation trainer CT-142 "Gonzo" (4), transporter CC-142 DHC-8
KenyaKenya Kenya
air force
MexicoMexico Mexico
marine
SwedenSweden Sweden
Coast Guard (3)
United StatesUnited States United States
US Air Force (2) E-9A "Widget"
US Customs and Border Protection (7)

Technical specifications

Parameter DHC-8-100 DHC-8-200 DHC-8-300 DHC-8-400
Passengers 40 Max. 56 Max. 86
length 22.25 m 25.68 m 32.84 m
span 25.91 m 25.89 m 27.43 m 28.42 m
height 7.49 m 8.33 m
Max. Takeoff mass 15,649-16,466 kg 16,466 kg 18,643-19,505 kg 27,987-29,574 kg
Max. Landing mass 15,377 kg 15,650 kg 18,144-19,051 kg 27,422-28,123 kg
Max. Amount of fuel 2,575 kg (+ 2,072 kg optional) 5,318 kg
Max. Range 1,889 km / 1,174 miles 1,713 km / 1,065 miles 1,711 km / 924 miles 1,295 km / 804 miles (NextGen BASIC) - 2,063 km / 1282 miles (NextGen EHGW)
Top speed 448 km / h 450 km / h 667 km / h
Service ceiling 7,620 m
drive two PW120A with 1491 kW each
or

two PW121 with 1603 kW each

two Pratt & Whitney Canada PW123 with 1749 kW each two Pratt & Whitney Canada PW150A each with 3781 kW (max. take-off power) and Dowty six-blade propeller

See also

Web links

Commons : De Havilland Canada DHC-8  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Commercial Aircraft Program Status Reports - Bombardier Q-Series, March 31, 2015 (PDF)
  2. TYPE-CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET No. EASA.IM.A.191 for DHC-8 ( English , PDF) European Aviation Safety Agency . September 25, 2019. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
  3. bombardier.com
  4. FlugRevue July 2011, p. 20, Dash 8 receives glass cockpit.
  5. aeroTELEGRAPH: Dash 8 Q400 goes to Viking Air: Bombardier no longer wants its turboprops | aeroTELEGRAPH , accessed January 4, 2019.
  6. a b Now comes the 90-seat turboprop aircraft , accessed on February 19, 2016
  7. ^ Bombardier's First Q400 NextGen Turboprop Airliner Bound for Norway. Bombardier press release May 19, 2009.
  8. ^ Bombardier Delivers its First 86-Seat Q400 NextGen Aircraft. Bombardier press release of August 27, 2014.
  9. Bombardier Q400 goes VIP. Business Travel News, August 15, 2011.
  10. Japanese Ryukyu Air flies on Bombardier , accessed October 5, 2015.
  11. DHC-8 accident statistics, Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on May 9, 2019.
  12. Flight accident data and report of Bangkok Airways flight 125, DHC-8-100, HS-SKI in the Aviation Safety Network (English)
  13. BEA - Rapport Preliminaire (PDF; 12.9 MB; French), accessed on January 6, 2013
  14. D-BEAT aircraft accident data and report in the Aviation Safety Network , accessed on November 9, 2015.
  15. ^ Accident report DHC-8-100 ZK-NEY , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on February 25, 2019.
  16. National Transportation Safety Board: Aircraft Accident Report Loss of Control on Approach Colgan Air, Inc. (PDF; 1.8 MB)
  17. ^ Accident report DHC-8-400 N200WQ , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on June 16, 2016.
  18. couriermail.com.au - Passenger plane crashes in Papua New Guinea - 28 feared dead (English) October 13, 2011
  19. Simon Hradecky: Crash: PNG DH8A near Madang on Oct 13th 2011, impacted terrain , in: avherald.com (October 13, 2010), accessed on October 18, 2011.
  20. ^ Accident report DHC-8-100 P2-MCJ , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on June 16, 2016.
  21. Operator history N356PH Planespotters.net, accessed on February 25, 2019.
  22. accident report DHC-8-200 N356PH , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on 12 January 2018th
  23. ^ Crash landing in Saarbrücken.
  24. ^ Accident report DHC-8-400 LX-LGH , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on June 16, 2016.
  25. ^ Crash landing in Saarbrücken. Luxair replaces machine
  26. ^ Accident report DHC-8-400 S2-AGU , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on March 12, 2018.
  27. US Bangla Airways: Plane crash at Kathmandu Airport | aeroTELEGRAPH . In: aeroTELEGRAPH . March 12, 2018 ( aerotelegraph.com [accessed March 12, 2018]).
  28. ^ Airline employee steals plane, crashes near Seattle . NBC. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
  29. Stolen plane closes Seattle airport before crashing into sea . BBC. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
  30. Simon Hradecky: Accident: Biman DH8D at Yangon on May 8th 2019, runway excursion. May 8, 2019, accessed May 9, 2019 .
  31. Aircraft accident data and report Biman Bangladesh Airlines Flight 060 in the Aviation Safety Network , accessed on May 9, 2019.
  32. Patrick Zwerger: Dash 8-400 collides with donkey and burns down. July 15, 2020, accessed July 21, 2020 .
  33. ORF.at: Bombardier recommends taking off its own aircraft. October 29, 2007.
  34. After several aircraft accidents and defects: Bombardier recommends starting ban for Dash 8-Q-400 (tagesschau.de archive) September 12, 2007.
  35. bombardier.com: Update on Inspection Procedures on Bombardier Q400 Main Landing Gear. September 14, 2007.
  36. airliners.de: Lufthansa emergency landing in Munich: Again problems with Dash 8 landing gear. September 22, 2007.
  37. tv2.dk: Endnu en nødlanding med Dash 8-fly ( Memento of October 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) October 27, 2007.
  38. ^ After the third crash landing: SAS planes are not allowed to fly. Mittelbayerische Zeitung, October 28, 2007.
  39. SAS Group Press Statement: SAS removes Dash 8 Q400 from service permanently, October 28, 2007 ( Memento of November 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  40. bombardier.com: Bombardier Statement Regarding The Sas Decision On Its Q400 Aircraft Fleet. October 28, 2007.
  41. Mysterious crash landings - SAS cancels dozens of flights. In: Spiegel Online , October 28, 2007.
  42. ^ European Aviation Safety Agency: Airworthiness review meeting DASH 8-400. Press release, November 7, 2007.
  43. Aerosecure: SAS: Dash 8 Q-400 flies again. October 14, 2007.
  44. Bombardier settles claim with SAS over Q400 turboprops. March 10, 2008 (accessed May 22, 2015)
  45. ↑ Landing gear problems: crash landing without injuries in Zurich . In: NZZ of September 28, 2013.
  46. Official accident report. Aviation Safety Network, October 10, 2013 (accessed May 22, 2015)
  47. Passenger plane crash-lands in Amsterdam. In: http://www.rp-online.de/ . RP Online, February 23, 2017, accessed February 28, 2017 .
  48. Tobias Brück: Incident, passengers had to wear life jackets on Air Berlin flight - Source: mz-web.de © 2017. In: Mitteldeutsche Zeitung. mz-web.de, June 28, 2017, accessed June 29, 2017 .
  49. UK flight makes emergency landing WITHOUT landing gear - passenger in hospital . In: Dailystar.co.uk . November 10, 2017 ( dailystar.co.uk [accessed January 12, 2018]).
  50. ^ A Flybe Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 crash-lands in Belfast International with no nose gear - Aviation24.be . In: Aviation24.be . November 10, 2017 ( aviation24.be [accessed January 12, 2018]).
  51. ↑ The aircraft hits the runway with its bow. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on January 11, 2018 ; accessed on January 12, 2018 .
  52. LOT Polish Airlines Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 suffers landing gear failure at Warsaw airport - Aviation24.be . In: Aviation24.be . January 10, 2018 ( aviation24.be [accessed January 12, 2018]).
  53. a b c d e Jane’s Bombardier (deHavilland) Dash 8 - Special Mission versions (Canada), Aircraft - Fixed-wing - Civil / military. Retrieved December 29, 2010.
  54. ↑ Type Certificate (TCDS) of the Bombardier DHC-8. ( Memento from August 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  55. Flugrevue.de
  56. commercialaircraft.bombardier.com: commercialaircraft.bombardier.com
  57. bombardier.com: Q400 Datasheet. ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )