Skimmien

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Skimmien
Skimmia japonica

Skimmia japonica

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden II
Order : Sapindales (Sapindales)
Family : Rhombus family (Rutaceae)
Subfamily : Toddalioideae
Genre : Skimmien
Scientific name
Skimmia
Thunb.

The Skimmia ( Skimmia ) are a genus of plants in the diamond family (Rutaceae). The four to eight species thrive in the warm, temperate areas of Asia in mountain forests in shady and cool locations with high soil and air humidity. They are common in the Himalayas , eastern Asia , Japan, and the Philippines . The best known species of the genus is Skimmia japonica ; there are some cultivated forms of it that are used as ornamental plants .

description

Illustration of Skimmia laureola
Illustration of Skimmia japonica
Habit, leaves and inflorescences of Skimmia × confusa
Inflorescences of Skimmia japonica
Habit, leaves, inflorescences and fruits of Skimmia reevesiana

Appearance and leaves

Skimmia species are evergreen shrubs or small trees . The alternate, stalked, simple, leathery leaves have smooth edges.

Inflorescences and flowers

Skimmia species are dioecious separate sexes ( diocesan ). Many only female or male flowers sit together on a plant in terminal, thyrsen-shaped inflorescences .

The small, unisexual flowers have a diameter of 6 to 15 millimeters and are usually four or five-fold with a double flower envelope . The usually four or five (three to seven) sepals are at most briefly fused at their base. The usually four or five (three to seven) petals are free. In the male flowers there are usually four or five (three to seven) free stamens and a rudimentary gynoeceum . There is a discus. In female flowers are two to five carpels , two to a constant top up fünfkammerigen ovary grown. There is only one ovule in each ovary chamber , rarely two. The style is short to more or less as long as the ovary.

Fruits and seeds

When ripe, the red to black stone fruit-like, fleshy berries have a diameter of 6 to 12 millimeters and contain one to five single-seeded leathery chambers. The ovoid to ellipsoidal seed have a seed coat membranous and contain abundant endosperm and an embryo with two straight elongated circular to nearly flattened cotyledons ( cotyledons ).

Ingredients and uses in the kitchen

All parts of the plant are slightly poisonous. Skimmia contain alkaloids . The woody parts of the plant contain skimmin and the leaves contain sosolin, dictamnin, skimmianin, edulin and platydosmin.

Nevertheless, the leaves of Skimmia laureola , for example, are eaten cooked or used as a spice .

Systematics

The genus Skimmia was created in 1783 by Carl Peter Thunberg with the type species Skimmia japonica Thunb. in Nova Genera Plantarum , p. 58. A synonym for Skimmia Thunb. is Laureola M.Roem. The genus Skimmia belongs to the subfamily Toddalioideae in the family of Rutaceae .

There are only four to eight species of Skimmia :

  • Skimmia anquetilia N.P. Taylor & Airy Shaw : The home is the western Himalayas as far as Afghanistan and Nepal. It is a shrub up to 2 meters high.
  • Skimmia arborescens T.Anderson ex Gamble (Syn .: Skimmia wallichii Hook. F. & Thomson ex Gamble ): Home to the eastern Himalayas as far as Indochina and China. It is a shrub or smaller tree up to 15 m in height.
  • Skimmia × confusa N.P.Taylor (= skimmia anquetilia × skimmia japonica )
  • Skimmia × foremanii H.Knight (= Skimmia japonica × Skimmia reevesiana , Syn .: Skimmia × foremanii var. Rogersii (Mast.) Rehder , Skimmia rogersii Mast. )
  • Skimmia japonica Thunb. (Syn .: Skimmia oblata T.Moore , Skimmia fragans Carr. ): Homeland Japan , Korea and China , Taiwan, Far Eastern Russia and the Philippines. It is a shrub with heights of up to 7 meters. The flowers smell sweet (see syn. Skimmia fragrans from fragrans = fragrant). With the following varieties:
    • Skimmia japonica var. Intermedia Komatsu (Syn .: Skimmia japonica f. Repens (Nakai) H.Hara , Skimmia repens Nakai )
    • Skimmia japonica var. Veitchii (Carr.) Rehder (Syn .: skimmia oblata var. Veitchii (Carr.) Carr. , Skimmia veitchii Carrière )
  • Skimmia laureola (DC.) Sieve. & Zucc. ex Walp. ( Limonia laureola DC. , Skimmia melanocarpa Rehder & EHWilson ): It occurs from Nepal , Bhutan and India to Tibet . It is a shrub or smaller tree up to 13 meters high.
  • Skimmia reevesiana Fortune (Syn .: skimmia japonica subsp. Reevesiana (Fortune) NPTaylor & Airy Shaw , skimmia fortunei mast. , Skimmia fortunei var. Rubella (Carr.) Rehder , skimmia intermedia Carr. , Skimmia reevesiana f. Rubella (Carr.) Rehder , Skimmia rubella Carr. ): It comes from in China, Taiwan, Myanmar, Vietnam and the Philippines.

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  2. ↑ Skimmia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed June 11, 2017.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Skimmia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

Web links

Commons : Skimmien  - collection of images, videos and audio files