Smerek
| Smerek | ||
|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Poland | |
| Voivodeship : | Subcarpathian | |
| Powiat : | Leski | |
| Gmina : | Cisna | |
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 11 ' N , 22 ° 26' E | |
| Height : | 644 m npm | |
| Residents : | 132 (2006) | |
| Postal code : | 38-608 | |
| Telephone code : | (+48) 13 | |
| License plate : | RLS | |
Smerek ( Ukrainian Смерек ) is a village in the rural municipality ( gmina wiejska ) Cisna in the powiat Leski of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship in Poland .
location
Smerek lies in the hills of the Bieszczady , a mountain range belonging to the Forest Carpathians in the extreme south-east of Poland. The narrow strip of the mountain area running from west to east along the Polish southern border is known in this region as the Middle Beskids ( Polish Beskidy Środkowe ). The border with Slovakia , which follows the mountain ridge, is 6 kilometers as the crow flies from Smerek. The place is located in the valley of the Wetlina brook, which rises a few kilometers southeast above the village Wetlina on a 1,100 meter high mountain slope and flows north of Smerek into the Solinka . In the village, the Wetlina is fed by several smaller streams, including the Smerek, which rises a little south on the Slovakian border.
The regional road ( droga wojewódzka ) No. 897, which begins in Tylawa ( Gmina Dukla ), leads through Smerek and continues via Cisna (9 kilometers west of Smerek), Wetlina (3 kilometers southeast) and Ustrzyki Górne (19 kilometers southeast) after a further 8 kilometers reached the end point at the village Wołosate at the border triangle Poland – Slovakia – Ukraine . In Smerek a road branches off to the south, which leads along the stream of the same name up into the forest.
A bus runs several times a day on the Cisna – Smerek – Wetlina route; in July and August, three buses continue daily via Ustrzyki Górne to Wołosate. Furthermore, Smerek is a stop at the Bieszczady Forest Railway .
The entire mountain region on both sides of the Polish border is a popular hiking destination. The European long-distance hiking trail E8 crosses Cisna and climbs to the Okraglik summit (1101 meters) on the ridge height and the national border and from there descends to Smerek (ascent time from Smerek to Okraglik 3 hours). On the other side of the valley, the E8 leads in a north-easterly direction to the 1,222 meter high Smerek peak (ascent time 2:35 hours) and further over the two ridges Połonina Wetlińska and Połonina Caryńska with peaks between 1,100 and a little over 1,200 meters to Ustrzyki Górne. The Bieszczady National Park begins at Smerek and extends south-east to the Slovakian and Ukrainian borders. The mountains are forested almost to their highest elevations, with the exception of some areas with open grassland ( Polonina ). The place name is derived from the Slovak word smrek , "spruce".
history
A place Smerek was first mentioned in 1497. The first permanent settlement developed from an initial settlement of shepherds. The place and the surrounding land belonged to Piotr Kmita from 1517 and subsequently remained in the possession of the Kmita family. The settlement community, which continued to be formed from shepherds, was placed under Wallachian law . The inhabitants lived from raising cattle, sheep and pigs, and they also produced charcoal in the forests.
In 1754, an Orthodox church with a rectangular base of 20 × 9.5 meters was built and consecrated to St. Demetrios . The church was founded by Hieronim Śmiałkowski, the tenant of the village land that was owned by the Karsznicki family at the time. When a lightning strike in 1871 burned down the wooden church typical of the region and the construction of the local Bojken . The residents of the village built a new church in 1875 with the three-parting common for the "Bojk style". In accordance with the elaborate Lemkian construction, three separate roof structures with multi-tiered hipped roofs and high onion domes rose above a rectangular floor plan of 19.6 x 9.2 meters . The church had an anteroom at the entrance for the women of 6 × 6 meters, a 6.8 × 6.8 meter nave for the men and a 6.2 × 6.2 meter chancel for the priest. This building also burned down on March 18, 1946. In the course of large population resettlements at the end of the Second World War , all of the town's residents were forcibly expelled to Ukraine by mid-1946.
Townscape and inhabitants
The wooden church and the abandoned houses were not rebuilt. A notice board about the history is on the site of the former church on a path half a kilometer south of today's new settlement.
Smerek had 132 inhabitants in 2006. Of these, 48.5 percent were women and 51.5 percent men. The village consists of a dozen guesthouses, hotels and restaurants that are scattered south of the stream and the through road in the valley floor. One hotel is equipped with an indoor swimming pool.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Ernst Hochberger: Architecture, visual arts and music in Slovakia. 2. Wooden churches in Slovakia. In: Jörg Meier (Ed.): Contributions to the cultural history of the Germans in Slovakia. Weidler Buchverlag, Berlin 2006, p. 164f
- ↑ Stanisław Kryciński: Cerkwie w Bieszczadach . Rewasz, Pruszków 2005, p. 76f
- ↑ Wieś Smerek w liczbach. polskawliczbach.pl