Soybean moko

Soedjatmoko (birth name: Soedjatmoko Mangoendiningrat * 10. January 1922 in Sawahlunto , West Sumatra , Dutch East Indies ; † 21st December 1989 in Yogyakarta ) was a Indonesian social scientists , politicians of the Socialist Party of Indonesia and diplomat , among others 1968-1971 Ambassador in the USA and from 1980 to 1987 Rector of the United Nations University in Shibuya .

Life

Soedjatmoko came from a noble family and was the eldest son of the doctor Saleh Mangoendiningrat and his wife Isnadikin Citrokusumo. After attending school, he began studying medicine at the Medical School (Geneeskundige Hogeschool) in Batavia . Due to his political activities, he was expelled from the university during the occupation of the Dutch East Indies by the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II in 1943 and then went to Surakarta , where he worked in his father's practice. After the Indonesian declaration of independence on August 17, 1945, he entered the diplomatic service and in 1947 was part of the delegation to the United Nations in New York City . He then began studying at the Harvard Graduate School of Public Administration , which he had to abandon because of his diplomatic activities. He served briefly as Charge d'Affaires of the Embassy of the United Kingdom as well as political officer at the embassy in the United States .

After his return to Indonesia Soedjatmoko worked as a journalist and joined the Socialist Party of Indonesia PSI (Partai Sosialis Indonesia) , founded in 1948 , for which he was elected on December 15, 1955 as a member of the Constituent Assembly (Constituent Assembly) . He belonged to this until its dissolution on July 5, 1959. As President Sukarno's style of government became increasingly authoritarian , he went to the United States and worked as a lecturer at Cornell University between 1960 and 1962 . After his subsequent return, he lived from 1962 to 1965 in protest against the Sukarno government without employment. After Sukarno was largely ousted by General Suharto in 1965, he returned to public life and in 1966 became a member of the delegation to the United Nations. On June 16, 1968, he was appointed ambassador to the USA and was accredited there until April 26, 1971 . On his return he became an advisor to Foreign Minister Adam Malik . He became a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1971 .

In January 1974 Soedjatmoko was arrested for just under three weeks after he was accused of being the initiator of the so-called Malari Events (Peristiwa Malari) of January 15, 1974. It was a protest by students and impoverished city dwellers against the government over corruption, high prices and uneven distribution of foreign investment. Eleven people were killed and 137 injured in the two-day riots. Despite his release from police custody, he was given a two and a half year ban on leaving the country. In 1978 he was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Prize in the Peace and International Understanding category. On April 10, 1980, he replaced James M. Hester as rector of the United Nations University in Shibuya, Japan and held this post until March 30, 1987, whereupon Heitor Gurgulino de Souza succeeded him. He was on the jury for the 1990 Rolex Entrepreneurship Award , but died on December 21, 1989 in Yogyakarta of heart failure .

After his return to Indonesia, Soedjatmoko took over a professorship at Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakarta. One of his sisters was the political scientist Miriam Budiardjo , who was chairwoman of the Indonesian National Human Rights Commission between 1993 and 1998. His younger brother was the diplomat Nugroho Wisnumurti , the 1992-1997 Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York and, as such, between 1995 and 1997 and President of the UN Security Council , and from 2000 to 2004 Permanent Representative to the United Nations in Geneva was . Siti Wahyunah, another younger sister, was the wife of the politician Sutan Syahrir , who was Indonesia's first prime minister from November 1945 to June 1947 after independence from November 1945 to June 1947 and who had founded the Socialist Party of Indonesia in 1948.

His marriage to Ratmini Gandasubrata in 1958 resulted in three daughters.

Publications

Soedjatmoko also wrote numerous non-fiction books on various topics, which often only appeared posthumously. His works include:

• Dimensi manusia dalam pembangunan. Pilihan karangan , Jakarta 1983
• Etika pembebasan. Pilihan karangan tentang agama kebudayaan sejarah dan ilmu pengetahuan , Jakarta 1984
• Soedjatmoko dan keprihatinan masa depan , posthumous, Yogyakarta, 1991
• Menjelajah cakrawala. Kumpulan karya visioner Soedjatmoko , posthumously, Jakarta 1994
• Kebudayaan sosialis , posthumously, Jakarta 2001
• Surat-surat pribadi Soedjatmoko kepada Presiden Jenderal Soeharto. June 16, 1968– April 26, 1971 , posthumously, Jakarta 2002
• Asia di mata Soedjatmoko , posthumous, Jakarta 2010
• Menjadi bangsa terdidik menurut Soedjatmoko , posthumous, Jakarta 2010

in English

• An introduction to Indonesian historiography , Cornell University Press, Ithaca 1965
• Indonesia. Problems and opportunities and Indonesia and the world , Australian Institute of International Affairs, Melbourne 1967
• Some thoughts on higher education. Paper prepared for a seminar on education, employment, and equity, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, March 6, 1975 , International Council for Educational Development, New York 1975
• Development and Freedom , 1982
• The primacy of freedom in development. Ambassador Soedjatmoko , Editor Anne Elizabeth Murase, University Press of America, Lanham 1985
• Transforming humanity. The visionary writings of Soedjatmoko , posthumously, Kumarian Press, West Hartford, 1994

Background literature

• Culture, development, and democracy. The role of the intellectual. A tribute to Soedjatmoko , editors Selo Soemardjan and Kenneth W. Thompson, United Nations University, Tokyo 1994, ISBN 92-808-0854-0

Web links

• Entry on the homepage of the Ramon Magsaysay Prize (archive version)
• Entry on the homepage of the University of the United Nations (archive version)
• Entry in Open Library

Individual evidence

1. ^ Members of the American Academy. Listed by election year, 1950-1999 by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences