Solothurn dialect
| Solothurn dialect | ||
|---|---|---|
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Spoken in |
Switzerland ( Canton of Solothurn ) | |
| Linguistic classification |
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| Official status | ||
| Official language in | - | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639 -1 |
- |
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| ISO 639 -2 |
gsw (Swiss German) |
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| ISO 639-3 |
gsw |
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The various Swiss-German dialects spoken in the canton of Solothurn are summarized under the term Solothurn dialect or Solothurn .
Paraphrase
The Solothurn dialect does not exist in a canton with strong regional characteristics. On the whole, three different dialects are spoken, which are very much based on those of the neighboring cantons, but with a certain peculiarity. The three language areas include the regions of the capital Solothurn , Oltens and the Schwarzbubenland . The Solothurn region is linguistically based on Bern German , whereas in the Olten area (especially in the lower Niederamt) the borders with the south-west Aargau dialect and in the Schwarzbubenland beyond the Jura those with Basel German are fluent. In the Bucheggberg , from a dialectological point of view, it is not Solothurnian that is spoken but Bernese German.
features
The Solothurn dialects belong to Northwestern Swiss German. Typical features thereof are the elongation in open syllable (about Naase , Nose ', lääse , read', Greeber , Graves ', the latter without region Olten) which Lenition of / t / to / d / in initial position (about Daag , day' ) and the extreme dulling from Middle High German long / a: / to closed / o: / ( e.g. Oobe 'evening'; excluding the Grenchen, Wasseramt and Olten regions).
A typical, almost all of Solothurnic word is white bags for the dandelion; outside of the canton it is only known in the bordering parts of the Basel and Bern areas and in southwest Aargau (in the northern Jurassic Schwarzbubenland, on the other hand , the Sunnewirbel dominates , in the Bucheggberg the Häliblueme ).
Solothurn region
The Solothurn dialect in the Solothurn region shares most of the characteristics with Bern German. For example, is / l / before a consonant, at twice / l / or at the end of the syllable as a closed u / / pronounced, as in Müuch , milk '(but bern German: Miuch ) oeuf ' Elf ' (but Bernese German e-uf ), Fauue 'trap' or Esu 'donkey'. High German / nd / is mostly pronounced as [ ŋ (ː) ] (especially in the Bucheggberg and Wasseramt districts ), for example angers 'different', Ching 'child', Hang 'hand', but Fründ 'friend'.
Typical differences to the closely related Bern German are the introductory features of stretching in an open syllable ( läse 'read'), the lenization of the initial / t / to / d / ( Daag 'day') and the dulling of / a: / to / o: / ( Oobe 'evening'). In addition, there are several Bern German expressions that are not common in the canton of Solothurn, such as Müntschi 'Küsschen', for which the Solothurn traditionally says Schmützli (modern Küssli ), or gredi 'straight ahead', for which Solothurnian graduus applies. A typical Solothurn expression is, for example, Düudäppeli 'idiot'.
Among the best-known writers who wrote in the Solothurn dialect are Josef Reinhart and Ernst Burren , both of whom were also able to win the overall works prize of the Swiss Schiller Foundation.
Thal
The Solothurn dialect in the Thal district (also known as the “Thaler dialect”) has various unmistakable features that make people from this region immediately recognizable. One of the special features is the specific coloring of the pronunciation of the diphthongs ‹au›, ‹öu› and ‹ue›. So they say in dialect Thaler gröu , gray ' oeuf , eleven' or Buech , Book '. Likewise typical is the failure of the / r / r / in certain positions; a well-known example is moonemoogg 'tomorrow' (literally “tomorrow the morning”).
An excellent source for researching the Thaler dialect is the autobiography that the peddler Peter Binz from Welschenrohr in the Thal district wrote down in 1895/96. About a quarter of it is written in dialect.
Olten region
The Solothurn dialect in the Olten region (also known as "Olten dialect") differs from the dialect in the upper part of the canton mainly in that many / u / approximately to / o /, / i / approximately to / e / and / ü / approximately be / reduced to / o, about and to ond, always to emmer, nümme , not 'more Nömme . Furthermore, the palatalization from / nd / to / ng / in the lower part of the canton is not carried out; one says, for example, Wonder and not Wunger 'miracle'. Many deviations are based on the spatial proximity to the Aargau dialect, for example, one says more wearily instead of me , 'we have to' or devo instead of dervo 'away'.
Black boy country
From a pan-Swiss German perspective, the elevation from Middle High German / o / to / u /, such as Gutte 'Gotte', gluffe 'ran' (cf. that which is otherwise predominantly in use in the neighboring cantons of Solothurn, Basel-Landschaft or Aargau ) is known only in «Black Boy German» gloffe ).
Due to the geographic location, there has always been a strong influence from the city of Basel and the Basel area , which are easier to reach than the capital Solothurn. The following linguistic peculiarities of the Solothurn dialect in the Schwarzbubenland are due to this fact:
The rounding (change from / ü / to / i /; / ö / to / e /; / üe / to / ie / and / öi / to / ei /) is typical. In contrast to the areas of the canton of Solothurn south of the Passwang , Briggli is said instead of Brüggli 'small bridge', Fresch instead of Frösch 'frog', Gmies instead of Gmües 'vegetables' or nei instead of nöi 'new'. As in the dialect area adjacent to the north, one also says Stägge with / kː / instead of Stäcke with / kχ / 'Stock' or fufzg instead of füfzg 'fifty' (in Basel fifty ). The / l / in the intro between two vowels is pronounced in Schwarzbubenland as a long / l: / and not vocalized as / u̯ / as south of the Jura, i.e. Chäller instead of Chäuer 'Keller', alli instead of aui 'all', Däller instead of Däuer ' Teller ', and also Vello instead of Velo ' Fahrrad '.
Fusion of dialects
One trend that can be observed across Switzerland is the increasing mixing and flattening of traditional dialects. As a result of increasing mobility and communication that transcends all borders, the dialects of smaller, and above all rural, places are becoming more similar to the languages spoken in larger cities. In the Black Boy Country, for example, the long-time residents no longer form the majority in many villages, and the local dialect is increasingly being lost. Some dialect researchers assume that fragile dialects influenced by expansive dialects, such as those spoken in the canton of Solothurn, will increasingly disappear. With the mixture of different dialects being formed, the Bahnhofbuffet Olten dialect is often used .
Dialect literature
- Josef Reinhart (1875–1957), Bernhard Wyss (1833–1890), Franz Josef Schild (1821–1889) and Jakob Hofstätter (1825–1871) are the four classics of the Solothurn dialect literature.
- A large part of Peter Binz's childhood memories is written in the Solothurn dialect: Unstet. Curriculum vitae of the Ärbeeribueb, chirisier and crockery dealer Peter Binz, Chronos Verlag, ISBN 978-3-905311-76-1 .
- Books in Solothurn dialect by Ernst Burren have been published by Zytglogge Verlag , Bern, z. B. Chuegloggeglüt, ISBN 3-7296-0254-3 .
- Albin Fringeli has published partly in the dialect of the Black Boy , z. B. In dr big city / Dr Bachmausi (1977).
- Beat Jäggi also writes in Solothurn dialect : Niemer jumps over sy Schatte, Vogt-Schild / Habegger publishing house , ISBN 3-85723-137-8
- Elisabeth Pfluger wrote in the dialect of the Solothurn Gäus, such as Solothurn stories (1984) and Vill Haag and weeni Garte (1990).
Sources and further reading
- Bruno Amiet : Solothurn canton history. Part 1.
- Markus Gasser: Phonology of the dialects of the Schwarzbubenland. In: Solothurn name book, founded by Rolf Max Kully, ed. by Markus Gasser and Thomas Franz Schneider, Vol. 2, Basel 2010, pp. 23–96.
- Rudolf Hotzenköcherle : The Northwest. In: Rudolf Hotzenköcherle: The language landscapes of German-speaking Switzerland. Edited by Niklaus Bigler and Robert Schläpfer with the assistance of Rolf Börlin. Aarau / Frankfurt a. M./Salzburg 1984 (Sprachlandschaft 1 series), pp. 71-77.
- Markus Husy: as nüüt eso. It is a dictionary for the dialect of the Soledurnian Gäu. More than 3000 words and walls. Olten [2009]. - Also: as nüüt eso. The dialect of the Solothurnian Gäu and Neue Gäuer dialect words - addendum to the dictionary «as nüüt eso» (accessed July 4, 2016).
- Rolf Max Kully: A Solothurn dialect at the end of the 19th century. In: Yearbook for Solothurn History. 77th volume, Solothurn 2004, pp. 273-327 doi: 10.5169 / seals-325234 .
- Linguistic Atlas of German-speaking Switzerland , Volumes I – VIII. Bern and Basel 1962–1997.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dialect: Huere primitiv (article in the Weltwoche of June 30, 2003)