Bucheggberg
| Bucheggberg | ||
|---|---|---|
 Typical landscape of the Bucheggberg: scattered settlements near Ichertswil |
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| height | 673 m above sea level M. | |
| location | Canton of Solothurn and Canton of Bern , Switzerland | |
| Dominance | 8.55 km → Schwandeberg | |
| Notch height | 158 m ↓ east of Grossaffoltern | |
| Coordinates | 599000 / 220000 | |
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The Bucheggberg , called Buechibärg by the locals ( ue is pronounced as a diphthong with an accent on the u ), is a molasse hill country in the Swiss plateau . It is located southwest of the city of Solothurn and for the most part in the Swiss canton of Solothurn .
The highest point is at 673 m above sea level. M. on the Flüeli south of Biezwil five hundred ninety-eight thousand six hundred and thirty-five / 217280 . The hill country extends over an area in the cantons of Solothurn and Bern , includes large parts of the Solothurn district of Bucheggberg and adjacent sections of the Bern district of Büren . It is close to the southern foot of the Jura .
geography
The hilly landscape of the Bucheggberg joins the Limpach valley in the south , the Emme alluvial plain in the east and the wide Aare valley in the north . The demarcation towards the southwest is blurred. The area of the Bucheggberg goes here up to about the line Dotzigen - Diessbach bei Büren -Scheunenberg- Wengi bei Büren . On the western edge of the Limpach valley, the hilly zones of the Bucheggberg and the Rapperswil plateau unite near Grossaffoltern .
Overall, the Bucheggberg extends over a length of around 17 km in the direction of west-south-west-east-north-east. Its maximum width between Arch and Unterramsern is around 7 km.
The hilly landscape is divided into a northern and a southern part through the valley of the Biberenbach , a left side stream of the Emme, and the depression that continues from Gossliwil to the southwest via Oberwil bei Büren and Schnottwil . The northern section is characterized by rounded peaks with extensive forests, which slope gently towards the north to the villages on the edge of the Aare valley. From northeast to southwest, these are the Oberwald ( 564 m above sea level ), the Lerchenberg ( 568 m above sea level ) with the Leuzigenwald , the Rütiwald ( 565 m above sea level ) and the Eichwald ( 507 m above sea level). M. ). Somewhat isolated - and outside the Bucheggberg district - in the west, between Büren an der Aare and Dotzigen, is the free-standing hill with the names Städtiberg in the northeast and Dotzigenberg in the southwest ( 596 m above sea level ).
The southern section of the Bucheggberg includes an average of 600 m above sea level. M. located, slightly undulating plateau with numerous small farming villages. The highest peaks here include the Flüeli ( 673 m above sea level ), the Hubel ( 654 m above sea level ), the Horad ( 657 m above sea level ), the Chalgen ( 660 m above sea level ) and the Schöniberg ( 654 m above sea level ). With a 100 to 150 m high, densely wooded steep slope, the Bucheggberg slopes down towards the south to the Limpachtal.
The Bucheggberg is drained by the Biberenbach and its tributary Mülibach to the east to the Emme, by the Rütibach to the north to the Aare and by the Eichibach to the west to the Alte Aare . Towards the south to Limpach only a few short rivulets flow from the small erosion valleys on the southern edge of the plateau. Several of these side streams no longer flow openly to the Limpach, but are now overturned in the drained plain.
geology
The Bucheggberg consists mainly of tertiary molasse sandstone . During the Tertiary, due to tectonic uplifts and subsidence, an arm of the sea penetrated the Swiss plateau several times. On the Bucheggberg one finds rock layers of the lower freshwater molasse (around 30 to 22 million years ago) and the upper sea molasse (around 22 to 16 million years ago). At that time, rivers from the Alps deposited large amounts of rubble in the basin of the Central Plateau. Since the Bucheggberg area is relatively far from the Alps, the sediments mostly show very small grain diameters (larger grain sizes were deposited closer to the Alps due to the gravitational sedimentation). These sands were solidified into sandstone over time . Mussels and fossilized snails can be found especially in the layers of the Upper Sea Molasse.
In the Pleistocene , the Bucheggberg area was modeled and shaped several times by the glaciers reaching far into the Swiss Plateau. During the high stages of the Ice Ages , the Bucheggberg lay under a layer of ice from the Rhone Glacier several hundred meters thick . As a result, the area was covered by a ground moraine layer. Even today, various erratic blocks in the forests of the Bucheggberg bear witness to the former ice cover.
Localities
On the plateaus of the southern part of the Bucheggberg there are numerous small farming villages (mostly with fewer than 300 inhabitants), while the heights of the northern part are heavily forested and hardly populated. Larger settlements are located on the edge of the hilly landscape, namely Solothurn , Zuchwil , Biberist and Büren an der Aare .
Almost all the localities of the political district of Bucheggberg are in the landscape of the Bucheggberg. Only the Solothurn villages Messen and Brunnenthal are outside the hill zone on the south side of the Limpach valley. Since the merger of four earlier municipalities, the political municipality of Messen also includes a section on the southern edge of the Bucheggberg, on the left side of the Limpach, with the villages of Balm bei Messen and Oberramsern .
As a result of several community amalgamations in recent decades, the number of political communities in the Bucheggberg district has decreased by 15 units to eight today: Biezwil , Buchegg , Lüsslingen-Nennigkofen , Lüterkofen-Ichertswil , Lüterswil-Gächliwil , Messen , Schnottwil and Unterramsern .
The area of the municipality of Lohn-Ammannsegg , the area of the municipality of Biberist north of the Emme and part of Zuchwil , all of which are located in the Solothurn district of Wasseramt , also belong to the entire geographical hill zone south of Solothurn .
On the east side, the Bernese community of Bätterkinden with the area of the district of Kräiligen occupies an area of the Bucheggberg. This point in the canton of Bern stretches across the Altisberg hill range to the Biberenbach. The confluence of the Mülibach into the Biberenbach and the confluence of the Limpach into the Emme are located in the municipality of Bätterkinden. Bätterkinden also includes the steep edge of the Altisberg over the Emme up to the canton border near Gerlafingen . This slope forms the distinctive landscape boundary of the Bucheggberg.
In the north-western section of the hilly landscape of the Bucheggberg, on the moraine steps on the edge of the Aare valley, the Bernese communities Leuzigen , Arch and Rüti near Büren and in the Rütibach valley the community Oberwil near Büren .
economy
The municipalities of the Bucheggberg live mainly from agriculture , forestry and local small businesses. The fertile soils are used intensively for agriculture , arable farming , fruit growing and cattle breeding are practiced on the plateaus . On the northern edge of the hill country, some gravel and clay pits are being exploited. In the early modern period, tuff was mined near Leuzigen . There was a quarry at masses that delivered millstones.
There is industry only in the communities on the edge of the Bucheggberg. In the last few decades the localities have increasingly developed into residential communities. Many employed people reach jobs in the surrounding larger towns as commuters.
traffic
The villages of the Bucheggberg are connected by a network of local roads. The roads from Solothurn via Büren an der Aare to Lyss and Aarberg and from Lengnau via Büren and Schnottwil to Zollikofen and Bern are of regional importance . Various bus lines connect the villages on the Bucheggberg to the public transport network.
Rail traffic on the Solothurn – Lyss railway line has been shut down since 1994.
The A 5 motorway runs from the Birchitunnel to Leuzigen through the Bucheggberg area. The Solothurn-Süd motorway junction and the Solothurn-West junction are on this section. At Arch, the motorway crosses the Aare with a large cable-stayed bridge built in 1998 .
In the Bucheggberg area, four road bridges cross the Aare: the concrete bridge of the western bypass from Solothurn, the motorway bridge, the road bridge from Arch and the old wooden bridge from Büren an der Aare.
The towns on the Aare can be reached on the river with the Bielersee-Schifffahrts-Gesellschaft ships .
history
Individual finds from the Neolithic indicate that the Bucheggberg was settled very early. Various wall foundations and small finds have also been preserved from Roman times .
In the early Middle Ages, the large Teufelsburg complex stood on a hill in what is now the Rüti Forest .
Aetigkofen and Hessigkofen were both first mentioned in a document in 1034 as the first villages in the Bucheggberg . Most other community names appear for the first time in the documents in the 12th and especially in the 13th century. The area was part of the Landgraviate of Burgundy in the Middle Ages . The part of today's Solothurn was subordinate to the Counts of Buchegg , who had their ancestral seat at the site of today's Buchegg Castle since the 12th century . In 1391 , the Buchegg lordship was acquired by Solothurn and then converted into the Bucheggberg Bailiwick, which lasted until the end of the Ancien Régime ( 1798 ) and which today forms the Bucheggberg district. The current part of Bern belonged to the rulership of the Counts of Strassberg until the 14th century , whose seat was in Büren an der Aare. In 1393 the area came to Bern and from then on belonged to the Landvogtei Büren and from 1803 to the Oberamt (or district) Büren .
Cultural history
In the 16th century, the Bucheggberg district, contrary to developments in the mother canton and in harmony with the canton of Bern, adopted the ideas of the Reformation . And even today the numerous Catholic holidays in Bucheggberg are legally not days off. In fact, however, it is the case that a large part of the working Bucheggberg population works in the neighboring districts of Solothurn, Wasseramt and Lebern and thus still enjoys holidays.
Web links
literature
- Peter Lätt: Buchegg and the Bucheggers. Buchegg 1984.
- Barbara Sollberger: Dr Buechibärg. Lüterswil 2004.
Individual evidence
- ^ Walter Moser: Erratic boulders in the canton of Solothurn, witnesses to two ice ages. In: Yearbook for Solothurn History 67, 1994, pp. 137–151.