Landgrave of Burgundy

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Territory in the Holy Roman Empire
Landgraviate of Burgundy (1406 / 08–1798)
coat of arms
Coat of arms is missing
map
Landgraviate of Burgundy.png
Map of the Landgraviate of Burgundy in the 14th / 15th centuries century


Arose from Grafschaft Buchegg (until 1313)
Grafschaft Neu-Kyburg (until 1406)
Form of rule Republic ( City and Republic of Bern )
Ruler / government Schultheiss of Bern
Today's region / s CH-BE


Reichskreis circular


Denomination / Religions until 1528: Roman Catholic , thereafter: Evangelical Reformed
Language / n German


Incorporated into Reich exemption 1648, after 1798: Canton Bern


The Burgundy Landgraviate included in the 13th century, the area right of the middle Aare from Thun to Aarwangen . The landgrave office was held first by the Counts of Buchegg , then von Neu-Kyburg , before the office was transferred to the city of Bern after they died out . For the Landgraviate of Burgundy, the name Little Burgundy ( Latin Burgundia minor ) was used at times in historical research , which was invented by Aegidius Tschudi in the 16th century , but which did not represent a contemporary medieval term.

Territory and jurisdiction

The Landgraviate of Burgundy comprised the area to the right of the Aare between the Bernese Oberland and the Jura foot with the Oberaargau and the Napf area . It was divided into the following blood judicial districts:

The regional court met at different places of jurisdiction, so-called Thingstätten . The court, the so-called Landtag, was convened by the Landgrave and exercised blood jurisdiction in the case of charges of robbery, murder, manslaughter or arson.

history

The Landgraviate of Burgundy arose at the same time as the Landgraviate of Aarburgund, probably only after the dissolution of the Duchy of the Zähringer and the Rectorate of Burgundy , i.e. after 1218. Its most important function was the registry court for the nobility, clergy and free farmers. It also served to secure the peace and preserve the imperial property.

The Counts of Buchegg are first mentioned in a document in 1252 as Landgraves ( lancravius ) and in 1286 as Langravius ​​Burgundie . In 1313, under pressure from the Habsburgs, they had to give up the office in favor of the Habsburg sideline of the Counts of Neu-Kyburg.

In the course of the 14th century, the district courts gained weight over the landgraviate. The landgraviate came under the influence of the imperial city of Bern for the first time when the Counts of Neu-Kyburg had to enter into the eternal castle rights of the Bernese subject city of Laupen in 1384. Between 1406 and 1408, Bern succeeded in acquiring both the regional courts and the landgraviate, and the Dukes of Austria surrendered their feudal sovereignty over the area. These legal titles served Bern as the basis of its sovereignty until the 17th century , which it expanded through the successive acquisition of all rulership rights.

List of Landgraves of Burgundy

Landgrave origin from to Remarks
Peter Buchegg from around 1250 † 1276 the first time in 1252 as lancravius mentioned
Heinrich Buchegg 1276 August 1, 1313 1286 as langravius Burgundie mentioned
Hartmann II. New Kyburg August 1, 1313 † October 31, 1322 (murdered) Recognizes in Willisau the feudal sovereignty of Leopold I von Habsburg , Duke of Austria, over the Landgraviate of Burgundy
Eberhard II. New Kyburg October 31, 1322 † April 17, 1357 Recognizes in Willisau the feudal sovereignty of Leopold I von Habsburg , Duke of Austria, over the Landgraviate of Burgundy
Hartmann III. New Kyburg April 17, 1357 † March 29, 1377  
Rudolf II. New Kyburg March 29, 1377 † 1383 or 1384  
Hartmann IV. New Kyburg 1383 or 1384 † after 1401  
Egon II New Kyburg after 1401 1406 Together with the Landgraviate, he also cedes various rulers from the city of Bern

Twing lords in the Landgraviate of Burgundy

In brackets the year in which the castle was granted or acquired by Bern

External Office Thun / Regional Court Steffisburg

The city of Thun was sold to Bern by the Counts of Neu-Kyburg in 1323, but remained as a fief with the Neu-Kyburgers. It was not until 1384 in the Peace of Burgdorf that the city definitely went to Bern. In 1385, an arbitration tribunal also assigned blood jurisdiction to Bern.

Konolfingen District Court

In 1406 ceded to Bern by the Counts of Neu-Kyburg.

Zollikofen district court

In 1406 ceded to Bern by the Counts of Neu-Kyburg.

The villages of Zuchwil , Biberist and Messen , which belonged to the Solothurn monastery of St. Ursen, also belonged to the Zollikofen district court . While, after 1406, Bern raised claims to the blood court over Biberist (until 1516) and Messen (until 1665), Zuchwil was undisputedly part of the sovereign territory of the city of Solothurn.

Murgeten Regional Court

In 1406 ceded to Bern by the Counts of Neu-Kyburg.

District Court Ranflüh

The District Court of Ranflüh was sold in 1387 by the Counts of Neu-Kyburg to the Dukes of Austria, who in turn pledged it in 1394 to the Lords of Sumiswald, the owners of the Trachselwald estate. In 1407 the Dukes of Austria renounced their feudal sovereignty in favor of Bern, in 1408 Bern bought the Trachselwald estate together with the regional court from the Lords of Sumiswald .

literature

  • Roland Gerber: Münzer versus Bubenberg . Relationships and factions in the Bern Council at the beginning of the 14th century. In: Bern journal for history . Issue 4/2006 (68th volume), 2006, ISSN  1663-7941 , p. 179 to 234 ( bezg.ch [PDF; accessed on January 13, 2020]).
  • Max Jufer: The barons of Langenstein-Grünenberg . In: Yearbook of the Oberaargau . tape 37 . Merkur Druck AG, Langenthal 1994, p. 109-214 .

Web links

Remarks

  1. ^ Anne-Marie Dubler: The Oberaargau region. Origin, concept and scope in the course of time . In: Yearbook of the Oberaargau . tape 44 . Merkur Druck, Langenthal 2001, p. 74–114 ( digitized from digibern.ch [PDF; accessed on January 10, 2014] "The name of the Landgraviate is" Burgundy "; not a single documentary source provides a different name. The almost ineradicable term" Kleinburgund ", even if it comes from well-known Frequently used by historians like Richard Feller is wrong. ” Note 11, p. 111).
  2. ^ Adolf Gasser : The territorial development of the Swiss Confederation 1291–1797. Sauerländer, Aarau 1932, pp. 62–64, 67.
  3. ↑ a b Gerber 2006: p. 204.
  4. ↑ Jufer 1994: p. 182.
  5. ↑ after Gasser, pp. 62–64, 67.