Schultheiss of Bern
The mayor of Bern was the head of the imperial city of Bern until 1798 , later of the city and republic of Bern , from 1803 to 1831 of the new republic of Bern and finally from 1831 to 1846 the president of the Bern government council .
history
In its beginnings, the city had city rights based on the model of the city of Freiburg im Breisgau . The city lord appointed a mayor ( scultetus, causidicus ) as deputy . A document from 1223 names Rodolfus de Crohtal […] causidicus for the first time as a Bernese mayor. After the death of Berchtold V in 1218, the city of Bern fell to the king because it was built on the land of the king. From now on, the Roman-German king appointed the mayor or imperial bailiff , later possibly also Peter of Savoy , the patron ( defensor ) of Bern. With the Golden Handfeste (Golden Handfeste) , dated 1218, but possibly later issued , the Bernese council received the right to choose the mayor from among its members. However, it can be assumed that Bern had to contend for this right in the 13th century. Imperial bailiffs and imperial delegates are still mentioned in the sources in 1244 and 1255. An election of the mayor by the council (with confirmation by the king) might not have prevailed until the second half of the 13th century.
In 1293, King Adolf confirmed the Golden Handfeste in Zurich, granted the Bernese the right to choose a mayor themselves during an imperial vacancy , and looked in a second document for everything they had during the last imperial vacancy (July 1291 to May 1293) had appropriated. So the choice of the mayor was finally in the hands of the city. With the constitutional amendment of 1294 a Grand Council was created. Around 1300 the Bernese are so self-confident that they no longer see themselves as a royal city but as an imperial city, clearly distinguishing between the empire and the person of the respective ruler (king, emperor). Until 1533 the mayor was re-elected annually, from 1533 to 1585 for two years at a time and from 1585 to 1798 alternating with the old mayor until further notice.
After the Helvetic Republic, the election of the mayor was again up to the Grand Council until 1831. From 1831 to 1846 the mayor was chairman of the government council. Since 1846 the chairmen of the government council have been called the president.
Schultheissen of Bern
Until 1293
The preposition "von" can be a mere designation of origin and therefore does not say anything unequivocally about a person's status. In 1783, all burgers in the city of Bern were granted nobility quality and allowed to use the nobility particle «von». The term patrician was not used in the Bernese administration until 1651.
For the status, see: patriciate (Bern) .
coat of arms | Imperial bailiff and delegate | was standing | from | to | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Theto of Ravensburg | Noble | 1223 | iudex domini imperatoris delegatus | ||
Aymon I of Montenach (exp. 1178/1192; † 1239) | Nobility , baron | Herr von Belp and Montenach , mayor of Payerne ; ∞ Gepa from Wolhusen | |||
Johann von Strättligen | Nobility , baron | ||||
Berchtold Bogner | Nobility , knight | 1244 | officialem Domini Regis apud Berno | ||
Ulrich von Wippingen | Noble | 1255 | advocatus |
coat of arms | Schultheiss | was standing | from | to | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rudolf von Krauchthal | Noble | 1223 | 1224 | causidicus ; a relationship to the notable family of Krauchthal cannot be proven | |
Walter von Wädenswil | Nobility , baron | 1223 | unsure | ||
Cuno from Sumiswald | Noble | 1225 | |||
Cuno from Jegenstorf | Noble | 1225 | 1226 | his family is known as the Nobiles from around 1230 | |
Berthold Piscator (fisherman) | Notable | 1227 | |||
Peter I. Bubenberg | Noble | 1235 | 1241 | ||
Jacob von Grasburg | Noble | 1239 | |||
Wilhelm von Boll | Noble | 1240 | |||
Peter von Buchegg | Nobility , count | 1253 | |||
Burkard II of Egerdon | Noble | 1256 | mentioned in 1256, 1257 and 1265 | ||
Heinrich I. von Bubenberg | Noble | 1257 | 1263 | Son of Peter I. | |
Burkard II of Egerdon | Noble | 1265 | |||
Heinrich von Bubenberg (Heinrich I?) | Noble | 1266 | |||
Konrad II of Bubenberg | Noble | 1268 | Son of Peter I .; the notable Burkhard von Belpberg took over his deputy before the city court in 1268 | ||
Kuno I. von Bubenberg | Noble | 1269 | 1271 | ? | |
Werner II of Kien | Nobility , baron | 1271 | 1271 | ||
Peter von Kramburg | Noble | 1272 | 1279 | ||
Niklaus von Münsingen | Noble | 1283 | 1284 | is mentioned from 1257 | |
Ulrich I. von Bubenberg | Noble | 1284 | 1293 | Son of Peter I. |
1293 to 1798
Image / coat of arms | Schultheiss | was standing | society | from | to | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jakob von Kienberg | Noble | 1293 | 1298 | Herr zu Kienberg, was ousted as mayor in 1298 | ||
Kuno Münzer | Notable | 1298 | 1302 | |||
Lorenz Münzer | Notable | 1302 | 1319 | Successor to his late father; when he was about 20 years old, he was one of the youngest mayors ever | ||
Johann II of Bubenberg | Noble | 1319 | 1350 | Son of Ulrich I. | ||
Berchtold von Rümligen | Noble | 1320 | 1321 | |||
Peter of Egerdon | Noble | 1322 | 1323 | |||
Johann I. d. Ä. from Bubenberg | Noble | 1323 | 1327 | Cousin of Johann II. | ||
Johann von Kramburg | Noble | 1328 | 1333 | Herr zu Kramburg | ||
Philip of Kien | Noble | 1334 | 1338 | |||
Peter von Balm | Notable | 1350 | 1362 | Son of Grand Councilor Jakob von Balm | ||
Konrad (II.) Vom Holz, called von Schwarzenburg | Notable | 1352 | 1364 | Son of Grand Councilor Konrad (I.) vom Holz | ||
Peter (III.) Von Seedorf | Notable | 1354 | 1355 | |||
Peter (IV.) The Younger from Krauchthal | Noble | 1355 | 1364 | |||
Kuno (Konrad) von Seedorf | Notable | 1358 | 1382 | Brother of Peter (III.) Von Seedorf | ||
Peter Schwab | Notable | 1362 | 1363 | Lord to Rümligen | ||
Johann III. d. J. von Bubenberg | Noble | 1364 | 1367 | Son of Johann II. | ||
Ulrich von Bubenberg | Noble | 1367 | 1381 | Son of Johann II. | ||
Jakob von Seftigen (II.) | Noble | 1382 | 1383 | |||
Otto von Bubenberg | Noble | 1383 | 1393 | Son of Johann II. | ||
Ludwig von Seftigen | Noble | 1393 | 1407 | Mitherr zu Oberhofen. Sealed the purchase of the Landgraviate of Burgundy from Count Egon II and his uncle Berchtold I of Neu-Kyburg on August 28, 1406 | ||
Petermann von Krauchthal | Noble | 1407 | 1418 | Mr. zu Konolfingen | ||
Rudolf Hofmeister | Notable | 1418 | 1446 | 1432 sealed the purchase of the Aarwangen dominion from Wilhelm von Grünenberg | ||
Ulrich von Erlach | Noble | 1446 | 1456 | Mr. zu Wyl and Jegenstorf | ||
Heinrich IV von Bubenberg | Noble | Thistle compulsion | 1447 | 1463 | Freiherr zu Spiez | |
Rudolf von Ringoltingen | Notable , ennobled | 1448 | 1455 | Lord of Landshut | ||
Kaspar vom Stein | Noble | Thistle compulsion | 1457 | 1463 | Lord of Münsingen | |
Thuringia from Ringoltingen | Notable , ennobled | 1458 | 1468 | Lord of Landshut | ||
Niklaus von Scharnachthal | Noble | 1463 | 1476 | Lord of Oberhofen | ||
Niklaus von Diesbach | Notable , ennobled | 1465 | 1475 | Herr zu Signau, Diessbach and Worb | ||
Adrian von Bubenberg | Noble | Thistle compulsion / mean lions | 1468 | 1479 | Freiherr zu Spiez | |
Peter Kistler | Notable | Butchers / thistle compulsion | 1470 | 1471 | Mr. Goldbach | |
Petermann von Wabern | Notable | Middle lions | 1470 | 1477 | Baron of Belp | |
Rudolf von Erlach | Noble | Thistle compulsion | 1479 | 1507 | Mr. zu Jegenstorf, Wil, Erlach and Bümpliz | |
Wilhelm von Diesbach | Notable , ennobled | 1481 | 1517 | Lord of Diessbach and Signau | ||
Heinrich Matter | Notable , knight | Middle lions | 1495 | 1498 | ||
Hans Rudolf von Scharnachthal | Noble | Thistle compulsion | 1507 | 1512 | Lord of Oberhofen | |
Jakob von Wattenwyl | Notable | Pfistern | 1512 | 1525 | ||
Johann von Erlach | Noble | 1519 | 1539 | Baron to Spiez and Riggisberg, Lord to Jegenstorf and Hindelbank | ||
Sebastian von Diesbach | Notable , ennobled | 1529 | 1531 | |||
Hans Jakob von Wattenwyl | Notable | Pfistern | 1533 | 1540 | Lord of Colombier | |
Hans Franz Nägeli | Notable | Forge | 1540 | 1568 | Lord of Münsingen and Bremgarten | |
Hans Steiger | Notable , ennobled | Ober-Gerwern | 1562 | 1580 | Freiherr zu Rolle, Herr zu Münsingen | |
Beat Ludwig von Mülinen | Noble | 1568 | 1590 | |||
Johann von Wattenwyl | Notable | Pfistern | 1582 | 1589 | 1589 appalled | |
Abraham von Graffenried | Notable | Pfistern | 1590 | 1598 | ||
Hans Rudolf Sager | Notable | 1597 | 1621 | |||
Albrecht Manuel | Notable , ennobled | Ober-Gerwern | 1600 | 1631 | Lord of Cronay | |
Anton von Graffenried (I.) | Notable | Pfistern | 1623 | 1628 | ||
Franz Ludwig von Erlach | Noble | 1629 | 1651 | Freiherr zu Spiez | ||
Glado Weyermann | Notable | Middle lions | 1663 | 1635 | ||
Niklaus Dachselhofer | Notable | Ober-Gerwern | 1636 | 1637 | ||
Anton von Graffenried (II.) | Patrician | Pfistern | 1651 | 1674 | Lord of Carouge and Corcelles | |
Samuel Frisching | Patrician | Butchers | 1668 | 1683 | ||
Sigmund von Erlach | Noble | Forge | 1675 | 1699 | Freiherr zu Spiez | |
Johann Anton Kirchberger | Patrician | 1684 | 1696 | Herr zu Bremgarten | ||
Johann Rudolf Sinner | Patrician , baron | Middle lions | 1696 | 1707 | Elevated to the hereditary baron class. | |
Emanuel von Graffenried | Patrician | Pfistern | 1700 | 1714 | Lord of Bellerive and Vallamand | |
Johann Friedrich Willading | Patricians , ennobled | Butchers | Mr. zu Mattstetten and Urtenen | |||
Samuel Frisching | Patrician | Butchers | 1715 | 1721 | Lord to Rümligen | |
Christoph Steiger (I.) | Patrician , baron | Ober-Gerwern | 1718 | 1731 | Theologian; raised to the imperial baron status | |
Hieronymus von Erlach | Nobility , imperial count | Thistle compulsion | 1721 | 1746 | Mr. zu Hindelbank, Thunstetten, Bäriswil, Seedorf, Mattstetten, Jegenstorf and Urtenen; raised to imperial count . | |
Isaak Steiger | Patrician | Ober-Gerwern | 1732 | 1749 | Mr. zu Gerzensee | |
Christoph von Steiger (II.) | Patrician | Ober-Gerwern | 1747 | 1758 | ||
Karl Emanuel von Wattenwyl | Patrician | Pfistern | 1750 | 1753 | Baron of Belp | |
Johann Anton Tillier | Patrician | Middle lions | 1754 | 1771 | died in office | |
Albrecht Friedrich von Erlach | Nobility , imperial count | Thistle compulsion | 1759 | 1786 | Mr. zu Hindelbank, Thunstetten, Bäriswil, Seedorf, Mattstetten, Jegenstorf and Urtenen | |
Friedrich Sinner | Patrician , baron | Middle lions | 1771 | 1791 | Freiherr zu Grandcour; died in office | |
Niklaus Friedrich von Steiger | Patrician | Ober-Gerwern | 1787 | 1798 | Herr zu Montricher; last ruling mayor of the old city and republic of Bern | |
Albrecht von Mülinen | Noble | Forge | 1791 | 1797 |
1803 to 1831
image | Schultheiss | was standing | from | to | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Niklaus Rudolf von Wattenwyl | Patrician | 1803 | 1831 | nominally last mayor | |
Niklaus Friedrich von Mülinen | Nobility , count | 1805 | 1826 | was raised to the rank of count in 1816 by Emperor Franz I of Austria and his family | |
Christoph Friedrich Freudenreich | Patrician | 1807 | 1813 | ||
Emanuel Friedrich von Fischer | Patrician | 1827 | 1831 | last ruling Schultheiss the Restoration, began in January 1831 peaceful transition to liberal regeneration state by |
1831 to 1846
image | Schultheiss | Hometown | from | to | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Karl Friedrich Tscharner | Bern | 1831 | 1842 | ||
Karl Anton von Lerber | Bern | 1832 | 1833 | ||
Franz Karl von Tavel | Bern | 1835 | 1846 | ||
Karl Neuhaus | Biel | 1839 |
literature
- Karl Geiser: The constitution of old Bern . In: Festschrift for the VII. Secular celebration of the foundation of Bern, 1191–1891 . Schmid, Francke and Co., Bern 1891, p. 1–143 , here: Supplement I: Die Schultheissen von Bern, pp. 135–139 .
- Roland Gerber: Münzer contra Bubenberg, relationships and factions in the Bern Council at the beginning of the 14th century . In: Bern journal for history . 68th year, no. 4 , 2006, ISSN 0005-9420 , p. 179–234 ( PDF 779 kB [accessed January 13, 2020]).
- Max Jufer: The barons of Langenstein-Grünenberg . In: Yearbook of the Oberaargau . tape 37 . Merkur Druck AG, Langenthal 1994 ( PDF; 3.58 MB ; [1] ).
- Max Jufer: How the Oberaargau became Bernese 600 years ago, In memory of August 27 and 28, 1406 . In: Yearbook of the Oberaargau . tape 49 . Merkur Druck AG, Langenthal 2006, p. 36–62 ( PDF; 1.5 MB [accessed November 22, 2010]).
- August Plüss: The barons of Grünenberg in Kleinburgund . In: Archives of the Historical Association of the Canton of Bern . tape XVI , no. 1 . Stämpfli, Bern 1900 ( online - inaugural dissertation to obtain a doctorate submitted to the high philosophical faculty of the University of Bern).
- Ernst Schweikert: The German, noble families of the Bernese Oberland up to the middle of the 14th century . A contribution to the history of the development of the stands in the Middle Ages. P. Hauptmann'sche Buchdruckerei, Bonn 1911 (inaugural dissertation to obtain a doctorate, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelm-Universität Bonn).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Zeerleder Urkunden 1, p. 208. in the Google book search
- ^ Anne-Marie Dubler and Hans Grütter: Bern (community). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- ^ Regesta Imperii 7 n.176
- ^ Regesta Imperii 7 n.179
- ^ Beat Junker, Anne-Marie Dubler: Bern (Canton). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- ↑ The government presidents since 1893 - Présidentes et présidents du Conseil-exécutif depuis 1893. (PDF) (No longer available online.) In: Government Council - Conseil-exécutif. State Archives of the Canton of Bern, pp. 38–40 , formerly in the original ; accessed on January 3, 2011 (German, French). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Deliciae urbis Bernae, p. 23 in the Google book search
- ↑ Gerber 2006: p. 213, note 134.
- ^ Franziska Hälg-Steffen: Jegistorf [Jegenstorf], from. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- ↑ Gerber 2006: p. 185.
- ↑ Gerber 2006: p. 186 (table), p. 206.
- ↑ Gerber 2006: p. 182.
- ↑ Gerber 2006: p. 179.
- ↑ a b c d e Gerber 2006: p. 225.
- ↑ Jufer 2006: p. 36.
- ↑ Jufer 1994: p. 191.
- ↑ Plüss 1900: p. 6.