Red chickweed

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Red chickweed
Red chickweed (Spergularia rubra)

Red chickweed ( Spergularia rubra )

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae)
Subfamily : Paronychioideae
Genre : Chickweed ( Spergularia )
Type : Red chickweed
Scientific name
Spergularia rubra
(L.) C. Presl

The red chickweed ( Spergularia rubra ), also called chickweed , is a species of chickweed ( Spergularia ) within the carnation family (Caryophyllaceae).

description

Illustration from Flora Batava , Volume 7

Appearance and leaf

The red chickweed is an annual, sometimes perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 4 to 15 centimeters. The stem has short hairs and is also glandular in the upper part. The leaves are linear, thread-like, prickly, somewhat fleshy and flat on both sides. The silvery-white stipules are elongated and ovate-lanceolate in shape.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from May to September. The flower is radial symmetry and five-fold. The sepals are lanceolate, nerveless and usually shorter than 4 millimeters. They are broad-skinned on the edge. The petals are rose-red. There are ten stamens .

The triangular-egg-shaped capsule fruit is about as long as the calyx. The seeds are gray-brown, almost triangular, fine-wrinkled, wingless and have a bulging edge.

Red chickweed ( Spergularia rubra )

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36.

ecology

The red chickweed is monoecious with female flowers and hermaphrodite flowers or dioecious with female flowers and other plants with hermaphrodite flowers, so it is gynomonodiocial and gynodiocial. The flowers are homogeneous to weakly male. Pollinators are flies ; but often only self- pollination occurs before blooming . Flowering time is from May to September. However, the flowers are not always open; According to Oskar von Kirchner's observations , they are only open in bright weather and from 9 am to 3 pm.

The fruits are three-lobed scattering capsules that act as wind spreaders for the sometimes winged, long-lived seeds that are only up to 0.6 mm long . Adhesive spreading and human spreading (through earth carried by vehicles) also take place. Fruit ripening is from July to October.

Occurrence

Spergularia rubra occurs in the entire temperate and subtropical area of ​​the northern hemisphere . It is a Eurasian-suboceanic floral element . In Austria it occurs sparsely or rarely, in Switzerland it can be found generally sparsely. The red chickweed is common in Germany, but is rarer in the south - as in Switzerland and Austria - but occurs from the lowlands to the low mountain ranges.

The red chickweed grows on paths, in fields, on fields and also on banks. It thrives best on more or less fresh, nutrient-rich, sandy loam and clay soils that are poor in base and lime . It is a shallow root as well as a soil compaction and acidification indicator. In Central Europe it is a character species of the Rumici-Spergularietum, but also occurs in societies of the Polygonion avicularis association or in contact with societies of the Nanocyperion. In Vorarlberg in the Allgäu Alps, it rises on a pasture between Mahdtalhaus near Riezlern and the Höfle-Alpe up to an altitude of 1100 meters.

photos

  • The silver-white, glossy stipules of the opposite leaves are fused together.

  • The flower has rose-red petals, an upper ovary with three styles and ten stamens.

  • The fruit is as long as the sepals and the leaves have a thorn tip.

  • The seeds are fine-black and without a skin edge.

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .

supporting documents

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 388.
  2. ^ Oskar von Kirchner : Flora of Stuttgart and surroundings. Page 233. Verlag Eugen Ulmer , Stuttgart 1888
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 511.

Web links

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