Skewer-leaved cloves

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Skewer-leaved cloves
Skewer-leaved coward (Kickxia elatine)

Skewer-leaved coward ( Kickxia elatine )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Plantain family (Plantaginaceae)
Genre : Seaweed ( Kickxia )
Type : Skewer-leaved cloves
Scientific name
Kickxia elatine
(L.) Dumort.

The spear-leaved Tännelkraut ( Kickxia elatine ), also called Genuine Tännelkraut , is a species of the genus Tännelkräuter ( Kickxia ) within the plantain family (Plantaginaceae).

description

Illustration from storm
Habitus
The leaves are pike to arrow-shaped.
The flowers have a straight spur and the crown upper lip is purple-violet.
Capsule fruit with seeds

Vegetative characteristics

The Spießblättrige Tännelkraut grows as an annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 3 to 10 centimeters. The 20 to 40 centimeter long, filamentous, slightly angular, hairy, protruding glandular stem initially grows upright, but is soon branched down. The above-ground parts of the plant are more or less long glandular hairy.

The mainly alternate, only in the lower area arranged opposite leaves are divided into short petioles and leaf blades. The petiole is only short. The leaf blades of the middle leaves are spike-shaped at the base, the upper ones are arrow-shaped, the lowest are sometimes rounded at the base.

Generative characteristics

The flowering time is mainly in the months from July to September. The flowers are solitary in the leaf axils. The relatively long flower stalks are more or less bare.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic with a double flower envelope . The calyx is unequal to five lobes. The light yellow crown is hairy and with a spur about 8 to 11 millimeters long. The upper lip is purple on the inside. The lower lip is velvety and darker yellow in color. The spur is straight and pointed.

The spherical capsule fruit opens with pores when ripe.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36, less often 18.

ecology

The spit-leaved clove is a therophyte . From an ecological point of view, it is a mask flower.

Occurrence

Kickxia elatine is common in southern Europe , southeastern Europe and from northwest Africa to western Asia. In Austria, the spear-leaved cairn herb is found scattered in the Pannonian region , otherwise very rarely. In Switzerland it is generally found scattered. The spit-leaved cairn herb occurs in the middle of Germany scattered to widespread; otherwise it is very rare.

The spear-leaved cantaloupe grows in Central Europe in grain fields. It is particularly common in stubble fields and fallow land . It grows best on moderately fresh, nutritious and base-rich, often deficient in lime, sand or pure tone - and clay soils . Kickxia elatine is a character species of the Kickxietum spuriae from the association Caucalidion lappulae in Central Europe . It is a heat- loving clay pointer that is rooted up to 50 centimeters deep.

Systematics

The first publication took place in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Antirrhinum elatine by Carl von Linné . The new combination to Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort. was published by Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier . Other synonyms for Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort. are: Elatinoides elatine (L.) Wettst. , Linaria Elatine (L.) Mill. ,

From Kickxia Elatine there are about two subspecies:

  • Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort. subsp. elatine
  • Kickxia elatine subsp. crinita (Mabille) Greuter : It occurs in the Azores , in southern, central and southeastern Europe as well as in the Middle East.

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort., Spießblättriges Tännelkraut. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ Armin Jagel, Volker Unterladstetter: Kickxia elatine and K. spuria - Spit-leaved and egg-leaved Fännelkraut (Plantaginaceae) in North Rhine-Westphalia . Plant portrait in the yearbook of the Bochum Botanical Association Volume 9, 2018, pp. 243-251 full text PDF. (PDF 9.1 MB)
  3. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  831 .
  4. ↑ a b c Karol Marhold, 2011: Scrophulariaceae. : Datasheet Kickxia elatine In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

Commons : Spießblättriges Fännelkraut ( Kickxia elatine )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files