Sports jargon
Sports jargon called the lower level a in the area of sport resulting group speech . It is to be differentiated from the standardized technical terminology , for example football games, equestrian sports, movement or training theory. While expressions such as “pöhlen” or “flerzen” belong to the slang area, technical terms such as “ flanken ”, “ fit ” or “ fall back ” belong to the technical terminology that also meets scientific requirements. However, the transitions are often fluid.
The word "sport" (from late Latin "d (e) isportare" = to disperse) has not only reached the technical level, but also the high level. With the gymnastics movement of the 19th century , which initially called their activity gymnastics , gymnastics or physical exercises, the term as a foreign English word came into European use to such an extent that it has long been a part of common language.
Almost every sport developed its own pictorial forms of expression, borrowed from other areas of life or languages, which are not always immediately understandable to outsiders. On the other hand, numerous idioms from the jargon of the athletes have flowed into the colloquial language and are able to accentuate and enrich them anew.
Soccer
- 12. Man - in football, a term used to describe the spectators of a game
- 23. Man - name for the referee
- 3rd half - rioting before and / or after a football game
- Actor - player, e.g. B. also midfielder for midfielders and defensive actor for defenders . Offensive player for an attacking midfielder or a striker.
- Banana flank - passing the ball over a greater distance, in which the ball travels an inclined, quasi banana-shaped trajectory
- Bolzen - play football, in the narrower sense: shoot hard at goal
- Soccer field - public, freely usable soccer field
- Boken (Northern Germany) = "Bolzen", "Boker" for "football field" or "football boots"
- Bomb - targeted long-range shot
- Blood tackle - a particularly aggressive form of tackle in which injuries to the opponent are accepted. Strictly speaking, a tackle on the player, not on the ball
- Refuel - a player manages to leave several defensive players behind with a successful single action
- Noble Roller - The ball is not hit properly and only rolls towards the goal.
- Egg goal - a durable hit where the goalkeeper makes a mistake, he lays an "egg" for his team, so to speak.
- Eiergoalie - A bad goalie
- Netting - kick the ball into the goal, score a goal
- Eisenbahnerschmäh or Eisenbahner (Austrian) - trick to play off an opponent. The player runs towards the opponent, passes the ball on one side of the opponent and goes around the opponent on the other side.
- Penalty - short form of penalty, see penalty
- Fersler - Ball shot with the heel
- Torches or "get the torch out" - colloquially in the Ruhr area for the shot on goal ("he finally has to get the torch out!")
- Fett'n - An Austrian expression for spin or swirl. A shot with a twist is referred to as "giving fat".
- Flycatcher - term for a goalkeeper who has problems catching high balls
- Wing Tongs - Wingers who put pressure on the defense from both sides
- G'mahte Wies'n or snack bars - a team that you expect to be easy to beat
- Yellow ban - Temporary game ban for a player who has received a certain number of yellow cards (also yellow-red barrier and red card suspension)
- Grenade - targeted long-range shot
- Gurglpass - a failed pass that arrives at the height of the neck of the opponent and not on the foot as desired.
- Gurkenpass - bad pass
- Gurkerl or Klapperl (Austrian) - A ball that is shot through between the legs of the opponent (the "announced Gurkerl" is particularly humiliating in amateur football)
- Candle - in football, an uncontrolled ball that is shot more or less vertically upwards
- Kreuzeck - one of the two upper corners of a football goal ("Shot in the Kreuzeck")
- Crossbar - dto. (The place where the crossbar and post cross)
- Leo - exclamation from a player who signals to the teammates that they should let the ball through.
- Emergency Brake - A defender pulls the emergency brake when fouling a breaching enemy. An emergency brake can be punished with a red card .
- Outwachler - the assistant referee who raises his flag when the ball rolls out
- Whip crackers - a particularly tough and strict trainer
- Whistle - pejorative for a referee
- Piola - Overhead kicker named after Silvio Piola
- Turf chess - game behavior strongly oriented towards security against losing the ball
- Delivering rooms - tactical variant of the defending team, cleverly blocking possible playback stations
- Robinsonade - describes a goalie parade and was named after the English goalie Jack Robinson , who was the first goalie to throw himself into corners.
- Schwalbe - attempting a foul pretend
- Sixteen - the penalty area , i.e. the zone that begins 16.4592 m (= 18 yards) in front of the goal
- Pointed - a shot or pass played with the tip of the shoe
- Stanglpass (Austrian) - a flank that is played flat and sharp from the goal-out line to the goal post so that a teammate waiting there can net.
- tängeln ( northern German ); danteln ( Bavarian ); gaberln (Austrian) - in football: holding the ball in the air with the permitted body parts
- Goalscorer list - Ranking of the players with the most goals
- Shoot Tragl ( Bavarian ) - not hitting the ball and thus have the obligation to give the rest of the team a case of beer (= "Tragl")
- tunnel or leg shot - in football, the ball passed through the legs of the opponent
- Ultras - special fan culture originally from Italy in football (partly later also in other mass sports)
- Galvanized shot - targeted long-range shot at high speed
- Back four tactical formation consisting of four defensive players
- Wuchtel (Austrian) - The (shot) ball (in a figurative sense therefore also: pointed, funny remark)
Cycling
- Monkey chop , monkey sausage - another name for a banana as a snack for cyclists
- Motorway - in mountain biking it is very broad and, from the point of view of many bikers, less attractive forest path ( forest motorways)
- Mountain hardness - an approximate measure of a rider's ability in mountain stages
- explode - sudden drop in performance due to physical exhaustion
- Hunger rest - a sudden drop in performance due to a lack of regular intake of food, especially carbohydrates
- Grains - energy reserves
- Corn on the cob - sprocket set with pinions that differ only by one tooth, e.g. B. 13-14-15-16-17-18-19 teeth. Corn on the cob (or corn cob cassettes) are often used in time trials .
- Lifebuoy - Traditionally a particularly large pinion that is only installed in bike races when extreme inclines have to be mastered during the stage. More recently, the third, completely inside chainring with a few teeth (20 ... 28).
- Oxygen debt - the by exceeding the condition, aerobic threshold is caused
chess
- Gaul - term for the figure of the jumper , as well as hopper or horse
- Black - name for the black knight
- Schimmel - term for the white jumper
- Aunt - term for the figure lady
- Large farmer - term for a runner who is a link in a pawn chain or who is otherwise of his own pawns, who - as if he were a pawn himself - has to cover from behind, is severely restricted in his freedom of movement.
- Family chess - term for a knight's fork on queen and king.
Synonyms for ball
Egg, cherry, ball, leather, pill, small poke, pluntze, marble
Other terms and expressions
- 3rd half - cozy get-together of the players, occasionally with an extended group of people, after a ball game that was played in two halves
- Departure - involuntary leaving the racetrack, mostly in curves, in motorsport
- boil - lose weight due to water loss
- stay on the ball - derived from ball sports in the meaning of being persistent, sticking to it, not giving up
- Motorway - in (especially alpine) skiing : wide, flat and not too steep ski slope
- being blue - having reached the limits of physical performance, see cyanosis
- Arc lamp - a throw performed as a lifter in handball
- Board - colloquially for a ski , snowboard or surfboard
- Energy performance - sporting performance that is achieved less through technical or playful means than through particular physical exertion or great use of energy or strength, for example through a high amount of running up to the final whistle or enormous effort in weightlifting
- Gaul - a derogatory term for a horse in equestrian sports
- make someone wet - when swimming: swim faster than a competitor, in general: leave a competitor behind
- Smockers - judo or karate fighters
- Whistle - pejorative for referees
- Compulsory and freestyle , see figure skating
- burst - weightlifting : failure in all three attempts to bring a weight to the high distance
- Rainbow - in basketball: throw with a high trajectory
- Referee - short for referees
- Slam Dunk - a basketball basketball success in which the player does not throw the ball but "stuffs" it into the basket (from English to dunk = "dunk")
- Sports fanatic - very sporty, well-trained person
- roll past - step next to the ball or miss the goal when shooting
- second pillar - additional source of income, cf. Mainstay
See also
literature
- Walter Haubrich: The visual language of sport in contemporary German . Schorndorf 1965
- Hans Huber, Herbert Prohaska - Our game , Ueberreuter 2006. ISBN 978-3-8000-7186-9
- Dieter Möhn: Specialized and group languages. In: Lothar Hoffmann (Ed.): Technical languages. An international handbook on technical language research and terminology science , De Gruyter, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-11-011101-2 , pp. 168–181
- Siegbert A. Warwitz: Sport in the mirror of language - a metaphor analysis , Tübingen 1967
- Peter Wippermann (Ed.): Duden. Dictionary of scene languages. Trend office. Duden, Mannheim et al. 2000, ISBN 3-411-70951-0
Web links
Wiktionary: Sports jargon - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dieter Möhn: Specialized languages and group languages. In: Lothar Hoffmann (Ed.): Technical languages. An international handbook on technical language research and terminology studies , De Gruyter, Berlin 1998
- ↑ Walter Haubrich: The visual language of sport in contemporary German . Schorndorf 1965
- ^ Siegbert A. Warwitz: Sport in the mirror of language - a metaphor analysis , Tübingen 1967
- ↑ a b Duden newsletter of June 11, 2010: “While we are still quite familiar with terms such as cucumber pass (for a bad pass) and wing tongs (for wingers who exert pressure on the defense), the Austrian and Swiss soccer jargon looks like this already different. In Austria z. B. the terms Eiergoalie used for a bad goalie and snack opponent for a bad opponent. A dribblanski is a technically skilled player / dribbler and the outwachler stands for the assistant referee or the linesman. The dumpling rider refers to a push with the knee against the thigh and insultation means insulting the referee. For example, the Swiss can come up with terms such as assist for an assist or Füdlipass for a bad pass. There are also the Bänkleinwärmer as a jocular term for a replacement / substitute that Mätchli for training or recreational game that Tschütteler for football players in general - and the national team is simply the in Switzerland Nati called ".