St. Bartholomew (Kist)

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Catholic parish church of St. Bartholomew (with village square), 2013 Catholic parish church of St. Bartholomew (with village square), 2013
Catholic parish church of St. Bartholomew (with village square), 2013

The St. Bartholomew Church in Kist is the listed parish church of the Roman Catholic parish of the same name in the diocese of Würzburg . It was built between 1871 and 1872. The top of the 37 meter high church tower, which is illuminated at night, represents the highest point in the Würzburg district with the tower cross .

Building history

Previous buildings

A first church could have existed as early as 900 and was dedicated to Saints Kilian , Kolonat and Totnan . A second church, which was probably consecrated to St. Margarethe , existed around the year 1344. It was replaced due to dilapidation by a also consecrated to St. Margarethe, hence the third church, which was built by the then Würzburg Prince-Bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn , and which was consecrated in 1598. Probably the only remnant of this Renaissance building is a memorial stone from 1598 with the coat of arms and a warning from the prince-bishop, which was attached to the main entrance in the tower during the construction of today's church. It bears the following Latin inscription: Julius Praesul et Dux Franconiae a fundamentis hanc sacram construxit eadem et aram in honorem Sancta Margarethae in eadem posuit ut posteris dati beneficii accepti meminerint et religionem conservent AD [M?] [D?] XCVIII , in German: Julius The Prince and Duke of Franconia built this sanctuary from the foundation and built the altar in it in honor of St. Margaret so that the descendants of the benefits received may be remembered and the religion preserved in the year of the Lord in 1598 . In the last half-sentence, the prince-bishop, known as the counter-reformer, obviously refers to the religious conflicts between Protestants and Catholics that prevailed at the time, and exhorts the citizens of the Kister to remain loyal to the Catholic Church. The construction costs of the Echter Church are described as “305  fl. (Rh.) 4 times it cost the churches to Kist to rebuild”. According to today's standards, this corresponds to a purchasing power of around 405,708 euros.

Archaeological findings were made of the two immediate predecessor buildings of today's church, so that the area around the church is entered as a ground monument in the Bavarian list of monuments (designation: Archaeological findings in the area of ​​the medieval and early modern predecessor buildings of the late modern Catholic parish church of St. Bartholomew in Kist , Monument number: D-6-6225-0315).

Bartholomäuskirche

lili rere
Historical views of the interior of the church

The Kister parish church of St. Bartholomäus was built in the 19th century under the Rimpar builder Balthasar Schömig as a hall church in the neo-Romanesque style. The foundation stone was laid on August 5, 1871, and the building was finally completed on October 1, 1872. The ceremonial inauguration of the church by the then Würzburg Bishop Johann Valentin Ritter von Reißmann took place on Sunday, July 14, 1872. Deviating from the traditional approach To align the church from west (tower) to east (choir), the Kister St. Bartholomäus Church is aligned from north to south.

Original side portals, today in the parish garden (left) and in the inner courtyard by the church (right, in the background) Original side portals, today in the parish garden (left) and in the inner courtyard by the church (right, in the background)
Original side portals, today in the parish garden (left) and in the inner courtyard by the church (right, in the background)

After the church was drastically gutted in the 1950s and the original fittings, including the high altar and the side altars, were almost completely removed, it was again subjected to a fundamental renovation from 1980 to 1982 under Pastor Konrad Martin, and the original condition by re-erecting the Almost restored existing, previously stored equipment. In the course of this, the church was carefully enlarged by adding two smaller aisles, by demolishing the lower parts of the earlier eastern and western outer walls, shortening the side windows, and so inside today's side pillars, which approximated the Doric column order, were created Building type corresponds to a basilica . The old side entrances with the sandstone portals from the time they were built disappeared and were replaced by an entrance on the northern end of the side aisles. One of the portals was set up in the south-western outer area of ​​the church as a passage to the Catholic day-care center St. Bartholomäus , the other is now in the garden of the Catholic rectory, together with a sandstone cross, which may also belong to the original church furnishings. Also newly built an adjacent and connected to the church vestry building with Beichtzimmer, meeting room, etc. The so redesigned parish became its 110-year anniversary on July 18, 1982 by the then Bishop of Würzburg, Paul-Werner Scheele rededicated whose The coat of arms is embedded in the balcony balustrade of the gallery to commemorate the renovation.

In the recent past, the church has undergone various interior and exterior renovations, which, however, only brought about slight color changes and adjustments. The outdoor area was also redesigned in the course of the construction of the opposite village square, by removing part of the old boundary wall and replacing it with large, terraced seating steps. The other part of the wall was preserved, as was the wrought-iron grille with a gate at the main staircase. In the eastern outer area of ​​the church there was also a sandstone shrine from the turn of the 17th to the 18th century. Despite the entry as a ground monument and the expected finds of remains of the previous buildings and the cemetery that once existed around it, an archaeological assessment was not carried out.

Furnishing

High altar

In the interior of the parish church, kept in subtle white, the wooden high altar in Romanesque style is particularly worth seeing, which was donated by Miss Margaretha Horn from Würzburg (died on August 7, 1871) and at the instigation of her stepfather Sg.Behringer from the Würzburg cabinetmakers Adam and Stefan Barth. After the high altar was expanded in the 1950s, as part of the re-erection at the beginning of the 1980s, its entire structure, most of the gilded ornamentation and various individual parts had to be carefully recreated from originals and old photographs. In the middle of the high altar shows a statue of the church patron, St. Bartholomäus , created by Carl Behrens , with a knife and book in his hands. The two statues flanking it are probably also made by the artist in the 19th century. They show the two predecessors in church patronage: on the left St. Kilian with miter, book, sword and crook, and on the right St. Margaret with a crown, palm branch and cross staff standing on a dragon's head. Above the statue of the patron saint of the church there is a representation of the Holy Spirit in the form of a dove in the middle of a newly created golden halo. At this point there was previously an oil painting depicting the Trinity ( mercy seat ), but it has been lost. In the two niches in the upper corners of the high altar there are also two standing angel figures, each holding a banderole with a Latin inscription. Instead of a modern armored tabernacle, the original tabernacle was used again in the high altar. Behind the high altar there are also two chandeliers that are otherwise used for the local Corpus Christi processions. Hidden from the eyes of the ordinary churchgoer, two portraits of saints are attached to the back of the high altar, which were fixed above the side altars before the renovation of the church in the 1950s.

Side altars

Those side altars are simpler replicas of the originally existing wooden altars, of which not enough has been preserved to restore them. The left side altar is consecrated to the Mother of God and carries a statue of a crescent moon Madonna holding the baby Jesus on her left arm in a halo with a scepter and crown, which stands on a crescent moon and a snake or dragon head (probably Würzburg, Baroque / Rococo period). In its place there was originally a figure of Mary of the Immaculate Conception ( Maria Immaculata ), which is lost today. The right side altar has a statue of St. Joseph as a counterpart , also in a halo with the Child Jesus holding an orb in his hands.

An old notebook in which the events surrounding the building of the church were recorded speaks of the fact that on the day the church was consecrated in 1872 there were supposed to have been various Märytrer relics in the altars: “In the high altar (in hon. Si. Bartholomaei) are relics of the St. Martyrs: Chilian, Innocenz, Severin & Fortunatus; Relics of St. Martyrs: Clemens, Benedictus, Donata & Bonifatius; In the Joseph altar relics of St. Martyrs: Blasius, Colonatus, Justinus & Ursula ”. The extent to which this information corresponds to reality would have to be investigated in more detail, since nothing is generally known about the existence of such relics today.

Chancel and choir

Under the chancel arch hangs an oil painting in a frame encased in golden rays, showing God the Father with his hands outstretched, above whom the Holy Spirit hovers in the form of a dove. Underneath is a choir arch crucifix donated by the Kister citizen Johann Aquilin Seubert in 1877, whose originally arched beam ends, which can still be seen in old photographs, are no longer present. The oil painting and the arched cross hang over the contemporary folk altar, which, like the new ambo and the priest's seat, is made of limestone and together with these forms the altar island.

Between the high and the high altar floats in the choir room an eternal light traffic light, a work of the Austrian Baroque, which was donated by a Kister family as a replacement for the originally existing traffic light that was lost in the Second World War. In the choir there are also three stained glass windows from the time it was made, of which the right choir window shows the image of the Heart of Jesus and the left that of the Heart of Mary .

Longhouse

On the side pillars in the nave of the church there are six more figures of saints standing on the corresponding consoles: On the first pair of pillars are the baroque figures of St. Anne (left) with the childish Mother of God in her hand holding a book, and St. Wendelin (right) as a shepherd with shepherd's chips and satchel and a little lamb at his feet. On the left of the second pair of pillars is St. Agnes on burning logs and with a lamb in her arm, opposite her is St. Aloisius with a crucifix in her left hand. His right hand is open as if to hold an object, which suggests that he could originally have worn another attribute ascribed to him, such as a lily, a skull or a rosary. Finally, on the third pair of pillars, there is the newly created (?) Figure of St. Lioba with the abbess's staff as well as a book (probably a gospel book ) and bell on the left , and on the right a statue of St. Anthony in religious habit with the baby Jesus on his left arm. The figure of St. Lioba is likely to be a reminiscence of Kist's former affiliation to the original parish of Tauberbischofsheim . The consoles were originally unlabeled, only in 2019 they were given the name of the respective saint in baroque script by a Würzburg restorer in the place intended for this (probably also originally). In the course of this it was also established that the saint on the first right pillar is not St. Joachim , as Martin assumed , but St. Wendelin, to whom the attributes typical for him are attached.

A wooden pulpit, originally located on the left side of the nave, was no longer installed in the church after the renovation in the 1980s, which is justified by the changed, insofar cramped spatial situation. The only remnant in the church is the above-mentioned dove figure of the Holy Spirit, which was attached to the sound cover of the pulpit and which has now found its new place at the point of the high altar where the aforementioned mercy seat oil painting was previously set. The old pulpit is stored in the attic of the church.

The pews in the nave and the two aisles are new creations, but still contain the old bench docks . Of the four antique benches for the altar servers in the chancel, originally from the Augustinian Church in Würzburg , at least the old cheeks with the original acanthus carving from 1710 have been preserved.

Above the original open and now closed confessional on the rear side of the nave is located above the church's jewel: the painting Peter in Reue (also: Reue Petri ) from around 1690 from the school of the Flemish court painter Oswald Onghers in the dimensions 1.20 x 0.90 m. In a small niche below the staircase to the gallery, there was also a Pietà carved from linden wood based on the Gothic original and set in an antique setting .

Gallery and ceiling paintings

On the gallery is the church organ (organ building Weiß, Zellingen), the work of which, in parts from the 19th century, has largely been preserved. On the other hand, the way it was set up had to be changed, along with its housing , which, however, in its historicizing shape, probably dating from the 1910s or 1920s, is closer to the high altar as an optical counterweight. The design of the gallery itself no longer corresponds to the original from the time it was built: it was lowered and enlarged as a whole, the staircase relocated, the console separated from the organ and the decorative wooden pillars removed. The restored ceiling painting by an unknown artist, on the other hand, dates from the time the church was built and shows Jesus as the Savior sitting in front of a rainbow on a globe that was simply painted gray.

Way of the Cross and Baptistery

Old baptismal font, sandstone, 17th century

There is also a Way of the Cross in the church consisting of 14 paintings from the second half of the 19th century, which begins in the western aisle at the front and ends in the eastern aisle at the front near the contemporary shell limestone baptismal font. This replaces a baptismal font from the 17th century with a cylindrical stand, which is no longer in the church, but is otherwise owned by the Kist Church Foundation. A sandstone quatrefoil is embedded in the front wall of the baptistery, which before the renovation in the 1980s was possibly installed above one of the old side entrances (probably the eastern one). Due to its shape, however, it could also have come from the previous building from the Echter era and have been reused in the construction of the current church. A stained glass window from the 19th century is inserted into that window cross made of red sandstone, which shows a triangle based on the Holy Trinity, in the middle of which the eye of God is depicted.

Memorial chapel

Between the main entrance gate in the tower and the main nave separated by a glass door, a chapel was set up to commemorate the war dead. On the eastern side, at the site of the original, now walled-up stairway to the gallery, there is a memorial with the names of the fallen soldiers of the First World War in the form of a gilded epitaph carved in baroque shapes, crowned by three sculptures of St. Kilian , St. Colonate and St. Totnan , probably from the 18th century. These are probably those figures that Expositus Johann Siedler found on the church floor (attic) in 1918 together with a carrying mother of God and a good shepherd . The epitaph is flanked by two matching carved panels with the names of the Kister soldiers who fell and went missing in World War II . There is also a cast heraldic shield for those who fell from the town in the German War and the Franco-German War . On the opposite side there is a foundation stone of Prince-Bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn from the previous building from 1598 (see section on previous buildings ). The modern art glazing by Lukas Gastl and the Rothkegel glass workshop from Würzburg above the main entrance door in the supraport field addresses the eternal glory of God, which shines into the darkness of death.

Peal

The ringing of the parish church today consists of four bells. Three of them were cast in the summer of 1951 and consecrated on September 30th by Domkapitular Johannes Kötzner, the fourth and largest bell was added in 2000, which was consecrated on October 15th by Auxiliary Bishop Helmut Bauer :

  • Small bell (1951): tone “c sharp”, 72 cm diameter, 250 kg, inscription: ST. JOSEPH, FAIR WORKMAN, TAKE CARE OF EVERYONE'S WORRIES. ASK JESUS, YOUR FOSTER, FOR WORK AND RIGHT PAY. , Foundry: Friedrich Otto, Bremen-Hemelingen.
  • Middle bell (1951): tone “h”, 81 cm diameter, 350 kg, inscription: AVEGLOCKE WILL I BE CALLED, THREE TIMES A DAY I CALL BRIGHT INTO THE COUNTRY: PRAY TO THE LOVELY MOTHER OF MERCY THAT SHE LEAD THE HEAVENLY PATHS . , Foundry: Friedrich Otto, Bremen-Hemelingen.
  • Big bell (1951): tone “g sharp”, 98 cm diameter, 600 kg, inscription: CHRIST, KING, GOD AND LORD YOU BE GLORY, PRIZE AND HONOR. , Foundry: Friedrich Otto, Bremen-Hemelingen.
  • Trinity bell (2000): tone “f”, 115 cm diameter, 800 kg, inscription: THE HOLY TRINITY BE PRAISE AND HONOR AT ALL TIMES. IN THE 2000TH ANNIVERSARY WE BRING THANKS TO THE HIGHEST. , Foundry: Albert Bachert, Heilbronn.

All four bells together form the Easter motif ( Victimae paschali laudes ). Possible partial chimes with three bells are the Gloria motif (Trinity, medium and small bell), the Te Deum motif (large, medium and small bell) that has been possible since 1951 , the fourth-second-fifth chime (Trinity, middle and small bells) and the second-fourth-fifth chimes (Trinity, large and medium bells).

Predecessor bells:

  • before 1873: Es-bell, still from the Echter Church (allegedly a gift from the Bavarian King Maximilian I Joseph ; in this case the bell must have come from before 1826), 90 cm in diameter, 410 kg, probably as the same At the time, the largest bell was used in 1940 for war purposes.
  • 1873: As bell, drafted in 1917 for war purposes, replaced in 1922.
  • 1873: C-bell, drafted in 1917 for war purposes, replaced in 1922.
  • 1922: B-bell (Mother of God bell), 8 hundredweight or 415 kg, foundry: from Würzburg-Heidingsfeld (possibly foundry Klaus), replaced in 1951.
  • 1922: C-bell, 4.5 quintals or 227 kg, foundry: from Apolda, replaced in 1951.

Between 1873 and 1917 the full bell consisted of a fourth-sixth chord with a major sixth (this motif is also part of the Westminster bell). The 19th century bells were dedicated to the Holy Trinity, the Immaculate Virgin Mary and St. Bartholomew; an exact assignment of the respective dedication is not possible due to the limited sources.

literature

  • Friedrich Ebert: Chistesbrunno - box. 779-1979. Vier-Türme-Verlag, Münsterschwarzach 1979.
  • Friedrich Ebert: Church of St. Bartholomew and Parish Kist. Krug-Druck, Würzburg 1982.
  • Konrad Martin: Church leader parish church St. Bartholomäus Kist. Kist 2006.

Web links

Commons : St. Bartholomäus  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments , Kist, as of July 3, 2018: http://www.geodaten.bayern.de/denkmal_static_data/externe_denkmalliste/pdf/denkmalliste_merge_679154.pdf , p. 1. Accessed on November 22, 2019.
  2. ↑ So Ebert: Chistesbrunno - Kist. 779-1979. 1979, p. 105, according to which the existence of such a church is not historically verifiable, but "probable". However, Ebert still owes an explanation on what he bases his assumption.
  3. ↑ Mention of an ecclesia by H. Hofmann: Würzburger Diözesangeschichtsblätter 18/19, parish organization in the Mainz regional chapter Taubergau 1344-1549. in: Ebert: Chistesbrunno - Kist. 779-1979. 1979, p. 105.
  4. ↑ Ebert: Chistesbrunno - Kist. 779-1979. 1979, p. 110.
  5. ↑ Translation by Ebert: Chistesbrunno - Kist. 779-1979. 1979, p. 112.
  6. ↑ State Archives Würzburg under Adm.f. 419/8435, in: Ebert: Chistesbrunno - Kist. 779-1979. 1979, p. 112.
  7. ↑ See e.g. B. https://www.mittelalterrechner.de/cms/page/mar/html/Geld . Retrieved November 26, 2018.
  8. ↑ Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation, Bodendenkmäler Kist, as of July 3, 2018: http://www.geodaten.bayern.de/denkmal_static_data/externe_denkmalliste/pdf/denkmalliste_merge_679154.pdf , p. 2. Accessed on November 22, 2019.
  9. ↑ Left picture: Ebert: Chistesbrunno - Kist. 779-1979. 1979, p. 131; Right picture: Ebert: Church of St. Bartholomew and parish Kist. 1982, p. 17.
  10. ↑ a b c d Ebert: Chistesbrunno - Kist. 779-1979. 1979, p. 120.
  11. ^ A b Martin: Church leader parish church St. Bartholomäus Kist. 2006, p. 6.
  12. ^ A b c Martin: Church guide parish church St. Bartholomäus Kist. 2006, p. 7.
  13. ↑ Signature "CB f = Carl Behrens fecit [has done]", Martin: Church leader parish church St. Bartholomäus Kist. 2006, p. 7.
  14. ^ Martin: Church leader parish church St. Bartholomäus Kist. 2006, p. 28.
  15. ^ Martin: Church leader parish church St. Bartholomäus Kist. 2006, p. 7 f.
  16. ^ Martin: Church leader parish church St. Bartholomäus Kist. 2006, p. 11.
  17. ↑ Martin: A walk through our new church. , in: Ebert: Church of St. Bartholomew and Parish Kist. 1982, p. 29.
  18. ↑ After Ebert: Chistesbrunno - Kist. 779-1979. 1979, p. 120.
  19. ^ Martin: Church leader parish church St. Bartholomäus Kist. 2006, p. 5.
  20. ^ A b Martin: Church leader parish church St. Bartholomäus Kist. 2006, p. 8.
  21. ↑ On this Martin: Church guide parish church St. Bartholomäus Kist. 2006, p. 12 f.
  22. ^ Martin: Church leader parish church St. Bartholomäus Kist. 2006, p. 13.
  23. ^ Martin: Church leader parish church St. Bartholomäus Kist. 2006, p. 12 f.
  24. ↑ a b c Ebert: Chistesbrunno - Kist. 779-1979. 1979, p. 132.
  25. ↑ See Martin: Church Leader Parish Church St. Bartholomäus Kist. 2006, p. 9.
  26. ^ Martin: Church leader parish church St. Bartholomäus Kist. 2006, p. 10.
  27. ^ Martin: Church leader parish church St. Bartholomäus Kist. 2006, p. 13 f.
  28. ^ Martin: Church leader parish church St. Bartholomäus Kist. 2006, p. 16.
  29. ^ Martin: Church leader parish church St. Bartholomäus Kist. 2006, p. 2.
  30. ↑ See Martin: Church Leader Parish Church St. Bartholomäus Kist. 2006, p. 3.
  31. ^ Martin: Church leader parish church St. Bartholomäus Kist. 2006, p. 14.
  32. ↑ Ebert: Chistesbrunno - Kist. 779-1979. 1979, p. 123.
  33. ^ Martin: Church leader parish church St. Bartholomäus Kist. 2006, p. 15 f.
  34. ↑ Ebert: Chistesbrunno - Kist. 779-1979. 1979, p. 122.
  35. ^ Martin: Church leader parish church St. Bartholomäus Kist. 2006, p. 17.
  36. ↑ a b Ebert: Chistesbrunno - Kist. 779-1979. 1979, p. 121.
  37. ^ Heinz Appel: Fourth-sixth chord . Retrieved January 26, 2014.

Remarks

  1. ↑ The abbreviation "fl." Stands for florenus or floreni , in German: Gulden. What is meant is the Rhenish guilder , which at that time served as one of two currencies in the Würzburg monastery .

Coordinates: 49 ° 44 ′ 33.6 "  N , 9 ° 50 ′ 24.5"  E