St. Gangolf (Bamberg)

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St. Gangolf from the west, April 2011
South tower of Sankt Gangolf with sundial
St. Gangolf on the city map by Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg , around 1617

St. Gangolf is a Catholic parish church in the gardeners' quarter of Bamberg . The former collegiate church is the oldest preserved sacred building in the city, its basic structure dates back to the third quarter of the 11th century.

Saint Gangolf

Saint Gangolf lived in Burgundy in the 8th century. After separating from his unfaithful wife, his rival murdered him in his sleep. Gangolf was venerated as a martyr from the following century and his relics came to Germany with the St. James pilgrims . In the church there is part of the head of Saint Gangolf, which is believed to come from Eichstätt .

history

The monastery, consecrated to Saints Maria and Gangolf, was founded in 1057–59 by Bishop Gunther von Bamberg together with Count Reginold Waldpot von Zwernitz. According to documented tradition, the associated church, a flat-roofed basilica with a rectangular choir and apse , was already under construction in 1059 and was presumably consecrated in 1063.

In the early 12th century, during the time of Bishop Otto, two towers were added, with first the north and then the south tower being built in short succession. News of a fire from 1185 is documented in the roof over the central nave , the wood of which was felled according to dendrochronological examination 1181–84 and is therefore one of the oldest surviving roof structures in Germany.

The expansion of the towers to their final height in their early Gothic form can be dated to around 1300. The vestibule between the towers dates from the same period. In the course of the 14th century the sacristy and the simple rectangular chapels on the south side were built. In the middle of the 15th century there was a more extensive Gothicization of the interior. Presumably while largely preserving the oldest building structure, the nave was underpinned with new pointed arches and a new choir with ribbed vaults was built.

While the early Baroque tower domes go back to 1671, the Baroque style, which most clearly characterizes the interior of the church in its rich furnishings, could not be tackled until 1753. The vaulting of the nave and the chapels on the north aisle, for which a cloister wing was given up, date from this time.

The collegiate foundation was dissolved in 1803 in the course of secularization . The church became a parish church, the provost's vicarage, and a school was housed in the monastery building.

In 1901, another historicizing vestibule was built in front of the main entrance on the west side according to plans by Hans Schurr . The last extensive restoration took place in 1984-90. The church is currently not open to the public outside of church services.

architecture

The church was built as a collegiate church in the form of a three-aisled basilica on the east transept and expanded with two towers in the early 12th century.

The church contains elements of the Romanesque , Gothic , Rococo and modern styles .

organ

The organ was built in 1972 by the Eisenbarth company . It has 24 registers, divided into two manuals and a pedal. The action mechanism is mechanical, the stop action is electrical. The instrument has the following disposition:

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Pommer 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Dumped 8th'
4th octave 4 ′
5. Night horn 4 ′
6th octave 2 ′
7th Mixture V 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
8th. Trumpet 8th'
II Swell C – g 3
9. Wooden flute 8th'
10. Black viola 8th'
11. Principal 4 ′
12. Reed flute 4 ′
13. Schwegel 2 ′
14th Sesquialter II 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′ + 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
15th Scharff V 1'
16. French Krummhorn 8th'
17th Schalmey 4 ′
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
18th Principal 16 ′
19th Sub-bass 16 ′
20th octave 8th'
21st Dumped 8th'
22nd Chorale bass 4 ′
23. Backset V 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
24. trombone 16 ′

Bells

The two bells from the 14th century are among the sonically most important in Bamberg. In 1985 the Rudolf Perner bell foundry added four bells. The suspension of the Heinrichs bell and especially the old Gangolf bell from 1311 on deep cranked steel yokes led to a loss of sound.

No.
  		Surname
  		Casting year
  		Caster
  		Diameter
(mm) 		Mass
(kg) 		Percussive
( HT - 1 / 16 )
1 Heinrich 1985 Rudolf Perner 1403 1500 d 1 ± 0
2 Kunigunde 1985 Rudolf Perner 1275 1235 e 1 −1
3 Gangolf 1311 unknown 1245 ≈1500 f sharp 1 +3
4th Angelus Domini 14th century unknown 1122 ≈1100 g 1 ± 0
5 Maria 15th century Nuremberg Foundry (?) 926 505 h 1 ± 0
6th Otto 1985 Rudolf Perner 715 210 d 2 ± 0
7th Gangolf 1985 Rudolf Perner 633 145 e 2 +2

Clergy at this church

Johann Schweitzer, pastor and historian Georg Meixner , parish administrator 1937–1941, cathedral chapter, Bavarian politician

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Information about the organ
  2. ^ Claus Peter: Bells, bells and tower clocks in Bamberg . Heinrichs-Verlag, Bamberg 2008, p. 170ff.

literature

  • Claus Peter: Bells, chimes and tower clocks in Bamberg . Heinrichs-Verlag, Bamberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-931432-14-0 .
  • Gerd Zimmermann: Bamberg Sankt Gangolf . Schnell, Art Guide No. 1172, 2nd edition 1998 Verlag Schnell & Steiner Regensburg ISBN 3-7954-6047-6 .

Web links

Commons : St. Gangolf (Bamberg)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 49 ° 53 ′ 50 "  N , 10 ° 53 ′ 48"  E