St. John Baptist on the buses

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Bussenkirche

St. Johannes Baptist auf dem Bussen , also known as Bussenkirche , is a pilgrimage church on Bussen , the "Holy Mountain of Upper Swabia ", in the Offingen suburb of the Uttenweiler community in the Biberach district . The church is located to the west of the former Staufer Reichsburg ( ruins of Bussen ) and the Bussenhaus. It can be seen from afar in northern Upper Swabia.

history

Harmless directory of the House of Puss, as seen against the Danube , 1st half of the 17th century

In a deed of donation from Counts Chadaloh and Wago to the St. Gallen Monastery , issued on October 23, 805 in Zell an der Donau , a Christian cult building on the bus is mentioned for the first time ("Similiter et in Pussone illam basilcam"). A document from 892 issued on the bus names the holy Franconian bishop Leodegar von Autun as the patron of the church ("in atrio sancti Laudegarii qui dicitur Pusso"). John the Baptist as patron of the church has been documented since 1432.

A new church with a choir with late Gothic ribbed vaults and figural consoles was built from 1516. The laying of the foundation stone by Wilhelm the Elder from Waldburg-Trauchburg and his wife Sybilla von Waldburg-Sonnenberg took place on April 1, 1516 in the presence of Abbot Georg Fischer from Zwiefalter ; the foundation stone shows the Waldburger and the Sonnenberg coat of arms.

In 1781 the church was renovated and the church roof raised. From 1890, the church was restored and furnished with a neo-Gothic interior: the high altar (1890) and the choir stalls (1891) from the Marmon art workshop in Sigmaringen, the two side altars by Andreas Kless in Zwiefalten (1899) with altar leaves by the Munich painter from Zwiefalten Karl Baumeister , plus a neo-Gothic pulpit (1891). Comprehensive decorative paintings, stained glass windows by Joseph Traub (Zwiefalten) as well as four paintings on the life of Mary and six more of the "bus saints" by Karl Baumeister completed the historical spatial impression. A new sacristy was added to the south; the former sacristy was converted into a chapel of Christ.

In 1951, the furnishings of the late 19th century, which no longer corresponded to the taste of the time, were largely destroyed. Only the side altars and the pulpit survived for a few years. 1960–1962, on the initiative of Pastor Josef Paul, the medieval nave was replaced by a new building twice as wide with an open roof structure based on a design by Hans Lütkemeier (1898–1960), which also received new fittings. At the laying of the foundation stone on May 8, 1960, a. the Bishop of St. Gallen Joseph Hasler and Prime Minister Kurt Georg Kiesinger present; the foundation stones show the coat of arms of the diocese of St. Gallen and the coat of arms of Baden-Württemberg. In 2005 the church was restored again, the furnishings were only slightly changed: the choir was lowered, the tabernacle and some sculptures were moved, the sound cover of the pulpit was removed.

Exterior

The church shows itself today in a mixed style. The tower in the west and the choir in the east come from the Gothic church built in 1516, the nave was built in 1960 in modern forms in between. The tower, which was rebuilt in the Baroque period, has slotted openings in the lower area, arched sound openings at the top, a belfry and a bell. Northern and southern extensions flank the tower.

A relief by Josef Henselmann above the entrance door shows the Annunciation. On the southern outer wall there is a bronze plaque reminding of Pastor Josef Paul (1910–1980), who was the “Bus Pastor” from 1957 to 1980. Instead of a separate memorial, three stone tablets were set into the walls of the choir on the outside, on which the names of those who died in the Second World War are recorded.

Furnishing

Miraculous image

In the raised choir behind the people's altar , the miraculous image of the church is placed on a stele in the middle, a Pietà sculpture from around 1585 based on a Gothic model. The original Gothic miraculous image of the church was given to the Inzigkofen monastery after a fire in 1580 , where it is still located today.

Altar and pulpit

The people's altar (in the form of an “M” for “Maria”), the tabernacle and the pulpit by Josef Henselmann date from the time the nave was rebuilt in 1960/1961 .

window

The motifs of the glass windows from 1960/1961 come from Wilhelm Geyer . The choir windows show the mercy seat with ten angels in the middle , scenes from the life of St. Leodegar von Autun , left scenes from the life of John the Baptist . The 14 windows in the nave show the seven joys and the seven sorrows of Mary. 42 symbols in round medallions point to the family tree of Jesus . Four more windows by Geyers show the blessed Irmengard von Buchau , the blessed Gute Beth , the blessed Hermann the Lame and the holy Fidelis von Sigmaringen .

In 1987 a window by Hermann Geyer with the picture of the blessed Ulrika Nisch (and the coat of arms of Pope John Paul II ) was inaugurated in the entrance area.

  • The joys of Mary

  • The sufferings of Mary

More sculptures

On the left in front of the choir is a statue of Christ as the victor, on the right a head-high crucifixion group (Christ from the 14th century, Mary and John from the 19th century).

The figure of St. Joseph on the right choir wall was made by Johann Joseph Christian (around 1745).

A statue of St. John is placed above the pulpit.

The late Nazarene figure “The blessing Christ”, which for many years from 1896/1897 occupied a central place in the church directly under the chancel arch and has stood in a niche at the entrance to the side chapel since 1951, is based on a promise made by the local people Originally made by sculptor Joseph von Kopf in 1852 before a trip to Rome. The statue of the seated, blessing Christ, designed in 1853, made head in marble in 1869 and gave it as a votive gift to the Bussenkirche.

Panel paintings

Pilgrimage picture with the Wilhelm the Elder family from Waldburg-Trauchburg, 1521

A pilgrimage picture in the entrance area, dated 1521, shows the founder Wilhelm the Elder of Waldburg-Trauchburg and his wife Sybilla von Waldburg-Sonnenberg kneeling with their children to worship the Pietà of the Bussenkirche.

Four panel paintings by the painter Karl Baumeister from 1895 show "Bussenheilige" (popular saints associated with buses): Charlemagne and his wife Hildegard , Adelindis von Buchau and Margrave Gerold . Two more pictures from this series (Emperor Ludwig the Pious and Bishop Ulrich von Augsburg ) have not been shown in the church since 1960.

organ

On the gallery is a Späth organ (II / P 25) from 1966, which has replaced a Link organ (II / P 14) from 1897. It was completely overhauled in 2005.

Bells

The largest bell and the actual pilgrimage bell dates back to 1714. It was delivered for war purposes during World War II in 1942, but was returned to the church tower of the Bussenkirche in 1948. It is decorated with the image of Our Lady of Sorrows and bears the coat of arms of its founder Johann Franz Schenk von Stauffenberg , Bishop of Constance and as Abbot of Reichenau patron saint of the church. The bell was cast by Christoph Schmeltz in Biberach.

Four more bells were also delivered in 1942. In 1951, the “Anabaptist Bell” was bought from the metal value of the two damaged ones, and another bell could be purchased in 1951 through a donation. In 1962 a fourth and a fifth bell were added. All these bells were made by the Heinrich Kurtz bell foundry in Stuttgart.

Pilgrimage and pilgrimage destination

The Upper Swabian Pilgrimage Route , a spiritual hiking trail, has been running since 2009 with its Loop 1 for buses. As a pilgrimage church, St. Johannes Baptist auf dem Busses is a place of prayer and meditation.

literature

  • Otto Beck: Art and history in the Biberach district. A travel guide to cultural sites and sights in the middle of Upper Swabia . 2nd Edition. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1985, ISBN 3-7995-3707-4 , p. 224f.
  • Ferdinand Kramer: The Bussen, holy mountain of Upper Swabia, with its church and history. For the 1200th anniversary of the Bussenkirche in 2005 . Federsee-Verlag, Bad Buchau 2005, ISBN 3-925171-60-6

Web links

Commons : Bussenkirche  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Stiftsarchiv St. Gallen, Certificate St. Gallen I. 151; Edited in: Wartmann: Document book of the Sanct Gallen Abbey . Part I. Zurich 1863, No. 186 (p. 175) ( books.google.de ); as well as in: Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch . Volume I, No. 60. Stuttgart 1849, p. 63 f. ( Digitized version , online edition )
  2. ↑ Stiftsarchiv St. Gallen, Urk. St. Gallen IV. 396, edited in: Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch . Volume I, No. 168. Stuttgart 1849, pp. 195 f. ( Digitized version , online edition )
  3. ↑ Ferdinand Kramer: The buses, holy mountain of Upper Swabia, with its church and history , p. 15
  4. ↑ Ferdinand Kramer: The buses, holy mountain of Upper Swabia, with its church and history , p. 175
  5. ^ Ferdinand Kramer: The buses, holy mountain of Upper Swabia, with its church and history , pp. 187–191
  6. ^ Ferdinand Kramer: The buses, holy mountain of Upper Swabia, with its church and history , p. 13
  7. ↑ Ferdinand Kramer: The buses, holy mountain of Upper Swabia, with its church and history , p. 29
  8. ↑ Ferdinand Kramer: The buses, holy mountain of Upper Swabia, with its church and history , pp. 15–28
  9. ↑ Illustration of the window  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / alber.rasterpunkt.com  
  10. ↑ Ferdinand Kramer: The buses, holy mountain of Upper Swabia, with its church and history , p. 69
  11. ↑ a b Ferdinand Kramer: The buses, holy mountain of Upper Swabia, with its church and history , p. 14
  12. ↑ a b Otto Beck: Art and History in the Biberach District , p. 224f.
  13. ↑ Ferdinand Kramer: The buses, holy mountain of Upper Swabia, with its church and history , pp. 172-173
  14. ↑ As seen from the left of the Pieta, the painting is decorated with the Waldburg coat of arms, and on the right with the Sonnenberg coat of arms .
  15. ↑ Figure
  16. ↑ Figure
  17. ↑ Wolfgang Manecke, Johannes Mayr: Historical organs in Upper Swabia. The district of Biberach. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 1995, ISBN 3-7954-1069-X .
  18. ↑ a b Ferdinand Kramer: The buses, holy mountain of Upper Swabia, with its church and history , pp. 143-145

Coordinates: 48 ° 9 ′ 43.4 ″  N , 9 ° 33 ′ 18.5 ″  E