St. Peter (Bruchsal)
The Peterskirche in Bruchsal is a baroque parish church by Balthasar Neumann and the last burial place of the Speyer prince-bishops .
location
The church is located a little outside, southeast of today's town center of Bruchsal and, due to its location, was the only local church to survive the Second World War unscathed. The main cemetery is directly adjacent . The baroque central building with a double tower facade dominates the southern outskirts on a hill.
history
The previous buildings
At the site of St. Peter's Church there was apparently one of the early settlement centers of today's city, with a burial place and church, which comes from the Weissenburg Monastery , but is now outside the town center.
In 1278 the church appears for the first time in a document as "capella sancti Petri" . It was destroyed in 1320. In 1360 it was rebuilt as a Gothic hall with a high tower. Until 1588, St. Peter was the only parish church in the city. During the Palatinate War of Succession , the French also largely destroyed Bruchsal in 1689, with the Peterskirche burned down and turned into ruins. Only parts of the choir, the walls of the nave and the tower have been preserved. In 1721, Prince-Bishop Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn-Buchheim had the choir repaired so that a service could be held in it.
The baroque church
In 1736, Bishop Schönborn commissioned the well-known master builder Balthasar Neumann to plan a new baroque building, which was also to become the church of the Holy Sepulcher of the Speyer prince-bishops , who now permanently reside in Bruchsal . The old choir was integrated into the church, the ruins that were not needed were torn down in 1738. Construction work began in 1740. Johann Georg Stahl († 1755), who rests in the adjacent cemetery, worked as the builder. The solemn laying of the foundation stone took place on March 26, 1742. A small bishop's crypt was also laid out under the church, but it only had three burial niches. According to tradition, Bishop von Schönborn arranged and added this in such a way that several are not required. In fact, only three prince-bishops were buried there. The Hochstift Speyer was secularized in 1803.
In 1745 Johann Adam Roth cast the five baroque bells with the chime sequence cis′-e′-gis′-h′-d ′ ′ in Würzburg, which still ring in their entirety today, distributed across both towers.
The completion of the St. Peters Church took place under Schönborn's successor Franz Christoph von Hutten zum Stolzenberg . The first service was celebrated in it in 1746 and consecration took place in 1749. Inside it was furnished with magnificent baroque altars.
The bishop's tomb was completed in 1755. In the same year, the coffin with the remains of the builder, Cardinal von Schönborn, was transferred there. He had died in 1743 and was temporarily buried in the Capuchin monastery.
Bishop von Hutten died in 1770 and also found his final resting place in the crypt. His successor August von Limburg-Stirum died in 1797 while fleeing from the French, in Freudenhain Castle near Passau , where he was buried. Only his heart was transferred to the crypt of St. Peter's Church in Bruchsal on March 21, 1797. Since then it has been resting in a silver urn on a stone pedestal in front of Bishop Hutten's coffin. On April 26, 1810, the last Prince-Bishop of Speyer, Philipp Franz Wilderich Nepomuk von Walderdorf, was buried there and the entire burial place was walled up a day later. The crypt was only rediscovered in 1907 during renovation work.
In the church there are elaborate grave monuments of the chief shepherds resting here. To the right of the high altar is a double tomb of the related bishops Schönborn and Limburg-Stirum (uncle and nephew), and on the left one for Bishop Hutten. In 1923 an inscription for Bishop Walderdorf was added here. After the end of the bishopric of Speyer and the old diocese, Bruchsal and the Peterskirche came to the Baden Archdiocese of Freiburg when the dioceses were rewritten in 1821 ; the new diocese of Speyer became congruent with the area of the Palatinate (Bavaria) .
In the 20th century, the church was renovated several times and the interior was slightly redesigned, although the overall baroque impression was largely retained.
Building stock
The basic form of the church is a Greek cross . Since Balthasar Neumann had to include the old, east-facing choir of the previous church in his planning, he turned the nave by 90 degrees and thus moved the new main choir with high altar to the south. The old choir became the east transept. In the southern corners of the nave and transept, Neumann built the sacristies with oratorios above, and in the northern corners the three-storey towers with high arched windows. In the gable of the main facade there is an aedicula with the statue of the Apostle Peter . The two uniform towers have slender, onion-shaped slate domes.
organ
A large organ stands on the gallery, which is supported by 12 columns and 6 pillars . The gallery and organ front were designed by Leonhard Stahl in 1768. The first organ in the historic case comes from the organ builder Seuffert. It was replaced in 1894 by a new work by the organ builder Anton Kiene (Waldkirch). The tin prospectus has been preserved, which was declared as "Seuffert stock" from 1768 and did not have to be delivered during the First World War. 1956–1958 the work was rebuilt by the organ builders Gebr. Späth (Mengen-Ennetach). In 2002 it was decided to rebuild the organ based on the original Seuffert instrument and using the baroque case. This was completed by the organ building company Vladimir Šlajch (Borovany, Czech Republic) in 2004. The purely mechanical instrument has 30 registers on two manual works and a pedal and is pitched unevenly floating (Valotti).
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- Coupling : manual sliding coupler, I / P
literature
- Thomas Adam: Small history of the city of Bruchsal , Verlag G. Braun, 2006, ISBN 3765083399 , pp. 104-107; (Detail scans)
- Gerhard Müller: Theologische Realenzyklopädie , Volume 18, P. 493, Verlag Walter de Gruyter, 1989, ISBN 3110116138 ; (Digital scan)
- Ludger J. Sutthoff: On the construction program of the Bruchsal St. Peters Church: Motivations u. Solutions , Kohlhammer Verlag, 1986
Web links
- Illustrated website of the Peterskirche Bruchsal, in the portal of the Archdiocese of Freiburg
- Illustrated website for the Peterskirche Bruchsal, with photos of the crypt and the heart urn of Bishop Limburg-Stirum ( Memento from May 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- Peterskirche Bruchsal in Stadtwiki Karlsruhe
- Full bells: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c97tWsLS92w
- Picture gallery on Monumente-im-Bild.de
Individual evidence
- ^ Page on city history in the Landeskunde Baden-Württemberg portal
- ↑ Alfons Schäfer: Oberrheinische Studien , Volume 3, p. 222, Kommissionsverlag G. Braun, 1975; (Detail scan)
- ↑ Josef Bader: Overview of the fates of Bruchsal , in: Badenia or das Badische Land und Volk , Volume 2, Karlsruhe, 1840, p. 273 (digital scan)
- ^ Fritz Hirsch: The Bruchsal Castle in the XIX. Century , pp. 22 and 82, 2002, ISBN 5881513282 ; (Detail scans)
- ^ Feud of the city of Speyer with the former Lord Heinrich Hartard von Rollingen, who was Prince-Bishop of Speyer , Speyer 1830, p. 33, footnote; (Digital scan)
- ↑ Information on the organ at orgel-information.de
Coordinates: 49 ° 7 ′ 14.8 ″ N , 8 ° 36 ′ 12.4 ″ E