St. Rémi (Forbach)
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The Church of St. Rémi (German translation: St. Remigius) is a Catholic parish church in the Lorraine town of Forbach . Saint Remigius of Reims is the church patron . Patronage day is January 13th. The parish belongs to the diocese of Metz .
History and architecture
The Forbacher St. Remigiuskirche was built between 1866 and 1868. It replaced the old Forbach churches of St. Sebastian and St. Remigius. The Sebastianskirche, the so-called "castle chapel" at the foot of the Schlossberg, gave the Forbacher Kappelberg (Kapellenberg) its name. The old chapel of St. Remigius was in the lower town, near the current chapel “Notre Dame du Perpétuel Secours”. The earlier small churches turned out to be too small in the wake of industrialization that hit Forbach from the 1850s and caused the population to grow rapidly. After long negotiations between the parish and the French civil authorities, the Saargemünder architect Charles Desgranges was commissioned to design the plans for a new church. The initiator of the new building was the Forbach pastor Pierre Karst. His grave is today in front of the tabernacle of the Remigius Church. The foundation stone of the church was laid on June 19, 1865. While the old Forbacher church faces east , was one oriented the apse of the new building in a south-southeast position. Architect Desgranges actually wanted to use yellow Jaumont stone from the Metz area for the construction, but in the end local sandstone was chosen.
The neo-Gothic sacred building was consecrated on October 21, 1868 by the Metz bishop Paul Dupont des Loges . On the imposing tower facade, the eyelash of the main portal is adorned with the coat of arms of the then bishop. The floor plan of the church is designed as a Latin cross . The high central nave has five bays and is flanked by two lower aisles. The transept is expansive. The sacristy is to the right of the choir. A chapel is built on the left side of the choir. In many aspects, the architecture of Forbach's Remigius Church is based on the concept of the nearby Gothic collegiate church of St. Arnual in Saarbrücken. Parallels are the basilica, three-aisled shape of the nave with its five bays, the position of the tower in front of the nave in the middle, the sweeping, single-nave transept, the choir area and the apse with seven-twelfth closure without access or side apses. The large tracery windows with their tracery passes in the transept of St. Arnual and St. Remigius also correspond. While in St. Arnual in the Obergadenzone pointed arch windows window through the wall, in the Remigius Church circular rose windows with six passports fulfill this purpose. Instead of pointed arches embedded in the masonry, round pillars with rich capitals supported the arcades in Forbach, giving the space a freer appearance. As in the Mauritius basilica in Tholey and in St. Arnual, the buttresses in Forbach are concealed under the roofs of the aisles, as in Tholey and St. Arnual, small buttresses structure the outer walls of the aisles. In Tholey, St. Arnual and Forbach, the lack of a chapel wreath and secondary absids means that high windows can be installed in the choir and transept. In the crossing in Forbach, bundle pillars rise to the vault. The trifle zone in Forbach is only indicated by small openings above the arcades in the roof area of the aisles.
The design of the tower in Forbach points to the early Gothic period of the Île-de-France . The tower facade is divided into three parts. The middle entrance is flanked by eyelash-crowned side portals with a quadruple window and a high rectangular slit window above. The square-plan tower is surrounded by two buttresses at each corner. A stone cross rises above the column-decorated funnel portal with a large arched field. The area behind the portal eyelash is structured by a six-lane tracery. Above this, the tower opens to the interior in a twin window with a church tower clock above. The twin window motif is repeated on the third floor of the tower, the bell floor. Here four buttresses emphasize the edges and lead into a light octagon. The stone church tower roof is designed as an octagonal bent helmet. Starting from the kink base, eight gable dormers rise in two different forms. In between, gargoyles in the form of mythological mythical creatures protrude from the spire. At the top of the tower, horizontally scaled and smooth surfaces alternate. The smooth surfaces open alternately in four-pass windows or upright rectangular slots. The top of the tower is surmounted by a metal cross with a cock. The main source of inspiration for the design is likely to have been the south tower of Chartres Cathedral . The two zones with twin windows indicate the towers of Notre Dame de Paris . Eugène Viollet-le-Duc's unexecuted plans to put pointed spire helmets with gable dormer wreaths on the blunt towers there could also have been included in the design considerations for the Forbach Remigius Tower.
Five bells were placed in the bell tower with the names of the Most Holy Trinity , St. Mary , St. Joseph , St. Remigius and St. Aloisius installed by Gonzaga . In 1896 the old way of the cross was replaced by the one that still exists today. In 1916 the Saarbrücken branch of Siemens-Schuckertwerke installed the first electrical lighting. The outside area of the church was designed in the same year according to the plans of the Munich architect Theodor Fischer .
Several glass windows were destroyed during the First World War . As a thank you for the end of the war, a Sacred Heart statue was erected in front of the church with donations from the Forbach population in 1923 . In 1937 Pastor Justin Bour had the old wooden altar replaced with a white Carrara marble altar .
During the occupation by the Nazi regime , four of the church's five bells were confiscated for armament purposes. The Sacred Heart statue in front of the church escaped being melted down because the authorities feared an uprising by the population. In the winter of 1944/1945 the church and the whole city suffered considerable damage as a result of American artillery fire during the conquest by the US Army. The following years were devoted to reconstruction.
In October 1949 new bells were installed in the bell tower:
- St. Remigius; 2360 kg; Tone C
- St. Mary; 1620 kg; Tone D
- St. Joseph; 1100 kg; Tone E.
- St. Joan of Arc ; 650 kg; Tone G
- St. Aloisius of Gonzaga; 460 kg; Tone A
The marble altar damaged in the war was replaced by a new stone altar table. The destroyed neo-Gothic windows were replaced by non-figurative glass surfaces in bluish tones by the Parisian artist Janie Pichard during the reconstruction .
In 1988 the interior was restored. In 1995 the choir organ was repaired, in 2000 the gallery organ. The church tower was renovated from 2001 to 2003 and a new tower cock was installed.
organ
The organ was built in 1964 by the organ building workshop Haerpfer & Erman from Bolchen . The previous instrument was badly damaged by the US artillery fire in the winter of 1944/1955. The large temperature differences between the tower and the nave to which the organ was exposed in 1964 made the instrument increasingly unusable. In 1996, the Forbach City Council and the Association des Amis des Orgues ("Circle of Organ Friends") launched the organ restoration project. Organ builder Michel Gaillard from the Aubertin organ building workshop in Courtefontaine (Jura) was awarded the contract. The organ was moved further forward on the gallery so as not to expose it to the different temperatures. The prospectus has been changed and the console has been given a fourth manual with which the Chamade register ( Spanish trumpet ) can be played independently. Finally, the disposition was enriched with some newly added registers , including two 32 'registers in the pedal . The restored organ was inaugurated in 2000 and is one of the largest instruments in the Moselle department . The game action is mechanical, while the stop action is electric. The organ consists of 3160 pipes . Due to its large and varied palette of sounds, you can play a repertoire from the Renaissance to the Baroque and Romantic works to the present on this organ .
Disposition of the gallery organ:
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- Coupling : I / II, III / I, III / II, IV / II, IV / II 16 ′, IV / III, IV / III 16 ′, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P
Pastor
The parish of St. Remigius was led by the following pastors:
- Pierre Karst: 1864-1882
- Johann Hessemann: 1882–1896
- Stanislas Rigaux: 1896-1927
- Justin Bour: 1927-1945
- Alphonse Thiébaut: 1945–1950
- Pierre Hallinger: 1951-1965
- Emile Nagel: 1965–1978
- Joseph Penrad: 1978-1996
- Bernard Schwarz: 1996–
Individual evidence
- ↑ https://www.mosl-tourisme.fr/de/besichtigen/kultur-und-geschichte/F1306000037_kirche-st-remi-von-forbach-forbach.html , accessed on May 3, 2019.
- ^ Martin Klewitz: The Saarland. 3rd, modified and expanded edition. Munich / Berlin 1982, pp. 20-22, 51-53.
- ↑ Henri Wilmin: Brochure du centenaire de l'Eglise St. Rémi. Forbach 1968.
- ^ Revue Lorraine Populaire, No. 115, December 1993; Revue Lorraine Populaire, No. 177, April 2004.
- ↑ festivaldorgues.org , accessed May 4, 2019.
- ↑ http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un-forbachois.net%2FSite2004%2FForbach%2FDie_Furbaren%2FDocuments%2FRemi.pdf , accessed on May 3, 2019.
Web links
Coordinates: 49 ° 11 ′ 8 ″ N , 6 ° 54 ′ 0 ″ E