St. Vitus (Egling an der Paar)
The Catholic parish church of St. Vitus stands on a hill above the town center of Egling an der Paar in the Landsberg am Lech district in Upper Bavaria . The stately sacred building is one of the most important country churches of the late 18th century in southern Bavaria.
history
In the place of today's parish church originally stood a small, late Gothic church, the tower of which collapsed on November 9, 1767. The day before, Abbot Bernhard II von Ettal , who happened to be in Egling, held a service in the completely overcrowded church. The parish of Egling belonged completely to the monastery property from 1743. However, Ettal had already had the "church set" (bailiwick and patronage rights, donation by Emperor Ludwig of Bavaria ) since 1339 .
Afterwards, the only thought was actually to restore the old church. However, Abbot Bernhard contacted the builder Franz Anton Kirchgrabner, who visited the ruins on January 28, 1768. In his report, Kirchgrabner stated that the nave and the tower should be completely redesigned. The masonry of the choir, however, is still usable. The cost estimate for the shell was 12,641 guilders. He estimated a makeshift repair of the old building with at least 2,000 guilders, but it is strongly discouraged: "The best is a fundamentally strong building, costs money without a doubt, but only once, and is an eternal work afterwards".
The new building progressed rapidly despite the chronic lack of funds. The Ettal abbot had to send several begging letters to the “Director of Spiritual Affairs” in Munich. Those responsible there complained above all that the cost estimate “for this mere farmer's church” was much too high. 6000 guilders are quite sufficient here. Bernhard contradicted this successfully, so that on November 7th, 1769 "Hebauf" could be celebrated. In the next year, the shell was completed except for the upper part of the tower. Thassilo Zöpf then began with the stucco work and Christian Wink first created the choir fresco, three years later also the large dome image of the nave. The tower was not completed until 1777. The procurement of the equipment dragged on for another twenty years.
In 1882 and 1923 the church was restored. A general renovation began in 1973/74 under the direction of Norbert Fischer, who was born in Eglingen. In 1985 the original color scheme of the exterior was finally restored.
description
The strict structure of the block-like exterior already points to early classicism . The low, stepped buttresses at the end of the choir mark the reused parts of the old, late Gothic church. A two-storey sacristy was added to the presbytery in the south . The architectural structure is partially only painted on (white on a light blue-gray background) and consists of pilasters or pilaster strips , empty plastered fields, window frames and cornices. The choir roof is slightly lower than the roof structure of the nave, which is hipped in the upper part.
The tower stands in the north choir corner and is closed by a flat dome with a simple lantern. In contrast to the brick roofing of the church interior, copper plates were used here.
In the floor plan, Kirchgrabner adopted a centralizing scheme of three room parts developed by his teacher Johann Michael Fischer . A rectangular vestibule is added to the main square room in the west. The raised chancel of the old church opens to the east. A direct example was the parish church of Eschenlohe , which had been planned by Fischer and completed by Kirchgrabner. Unusual are the flat cross arms of the country house, which are hardly noticeable on the inside, but on the outside with their pent roofs appear to have been added later.
The corners of the nave are beveled and contain the side altars in the west, and the two side portals in the east.
Furnishing
The malachite-colored stucco work by the Wessobrunn master Thassilo Zöpf is actually just a frame for the huge picture fields of the vaults. The forms of decoration are typical of the master's late work. You can see stalactite-like structures, leaf fronds, rocailles and pagodas.
The ceiling frescoes of the nave and the choir are high quality works by Christian Thomas Wink. The Eglingen main picture is even considered to be one of the main works of the Munich court painter. Four scenes from the life of St. Vitus , which are separated by trees and buildings. One recognizes the young man's flight from Sicily, St. Vitus in the midst of a pride of lions, the martyrdom of the saint and the preparation for his execution in the oil kettle.
In the dome of the choir the saint can be seen in his glorification. God the Father and Christ are enthroned above him, while his foster parents Modestus and Creszentia stand to the side.
The wall paintings of the oratorios above the front side altars show episodes from the history of the Ettal Abbey, to which Egling belonged.
The high altar was created in 1779 by the local Kistler (carpenter) Maximilian Gruber. The large altar panel with the depiction of the “Martyrdom of St. Vitus ”was first created in 1838 (Anton Huber, Dachau) and is flanked by two pairs of columns. Outside there are two white (painted) statues of St. Petrus and Paulus ( Franz Xaver Schmädl , 1770), which were originally intended for the parish church in Eschenlohe (purchased in 1791). The round painting in the extract (essay) shows the Holy Three Kings (denoted D. f. 1782 = Dieffenbrunner fecit 1782). The side altars are also from Gruber's workshop. The two eastern ones are in the niches of the sloping nave. What is striking here is the almost complete renunciation of a tectonic structure, i.e. framing columns or structures. The center of the left cross altar is a crucifix by Landsberger Lorenz Luidl (around 1680/90), underneath it is the "Painful Mother of God" (after 1750) in a halo in a rocaille cartouche. The right dungeon altar contains a larger than life "shoulder wound Christ on the scourge column" (second half of the 18th century)
The altars in the cross arms look more conventional again with their pairs of columns. At the guardian angel altar, the saints Florian and Sebastian (Franz Joseph Pfeifenhofer, 1781) flank the carved group in splendid armor. The St. Anna altar shows St. Mother Anna with the childlike Maria by the hand. The wooden figures are attributed to Franz Xaver Schmädl (around 1760/70).
Maximilian Gruber then made the white and gold framed pulpit with the tablets of the law on the sound cover, which already shows the first empire forms (1785).
literature
- Hermann Bauer , Bernhard Rupprecht: Corpus of the baroque ceiling painting in Germany. Volume 1: Anna Bauer-Wild among others: Free State of Bavaria, Administrative Region of Upper Bavaria. The districts of Landsberg am Lech, Starnberg, Weilheim-Schongau. Süddeutscher Verlag, Munich 1976, ISBN 3-7991-5737-9 .
- Johann Burkart: Local history of Egling and Heinrichshofen, Landsberg am Lech district. Revised in 1911 based on the historical and statistical description by Georg Rotter. Müller-Hahl, Landsberg am Lech 1954 ( Our home at Lechrain 5, ZDB -ID 2293169-7 ).
- Pankraz Fried , Wilhelm Neu: Parish Egling ad pair. A guide through their churches and chapels. (History and art). Oefele, Ottobeuren 1992.
- Pankraz Fried, Wilhelm Neu, Hans Ramisch: 200 years of St. Vitus Egling. Festschrift for the 200th anniversary with the completion of the interior renovation and organ consecration. EOS-Druckerei + Verlag, St. Ottilien 1976.
- The art monuments of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Gustav von Bezold, Berthold Riehl: The art monuments of the administrative region of Upper Bavaria. Volume: 1 = 1, 1: City and District Office Ingolstadt, District Offices Pfaffenhofen, Schrobenhausen, Aichach, Friedberg, Dachau, City and District Office Freising, District Office Bruck, City and District Office Landsberg, District Offices Schongau, Garmisch, Tölz, Weilheim, Munich I and Munich II. Albert, Munich 1895 (partial reprint. City and district office Freising, district office Bruck, city and district office Landsberg. District offices Schongau, Garmisch, Tölz. Oldenbourg, Munich 1982, ISBN 3-486-50422-3 ).
Web links
Individual evidence
Coordinates: 48 ° 11 '18.2 " N , 10 ° 59' 4.6" E