City governor
City governor is a historical and current functional designation in security. Today it is mainly used in Austria .
history
According to Perger / Czeike, captain originally meant the commander of a larger military unit. During the war one spoke of the field captain. The commandant of a castle or fortress garrison was the castle captain. The head of the military units in a city was the city governor.
In medieval Vienna , when it came to repelling a siege, a city governor was appointed as the commander. From 1782 the title was held by a civil servant between the municipal magistrate and the Lower Austrian government, later by the head of the municipal security system.
General Government
The German administrator in occupied Poland used from 1939 to 1945, the Office drawing City captain for the top civilian administrator of a busy city, in analogy to the function of the District Chief for a Polish district. City governor in Radom was the future Mayor of Saarbrücken , Fritz Schwitzgebel, in 1939/1940 . In Cracow , the "capital" of the Generalgouvernement , these were Ernst Zörner until January 1940 , then Carl Gottlob Schmid , Rudolf Pavlu from April 1941 and Josef Krämer from May 1943. Friedrich Sauermann was city governor of Lublin from October 1939 to February 1942 , then from April 1943 to July 1944 mayor of Biała Podlaska .
Republic of Austria before 2012
In republican Vienna the term city governor has been in use since the interwar period ; In the autumn of 1933 the dictatorship government replaced the former civil function titles of senior police officers with officer titles analogous to the military. Prior to the restructuring of the security authorities in 2012 , the usage designation Stadthauptmann was only used by the heads of the police commissioners in Vienna. Outside of Vienna, the designation was not in use by the security authorities of the republic until 2012.
present
Today city governor (or woman) is the usage name for the head of a police commissioner throughout Austria . Police commissioners are branch offices (internal organizational units) of the respective state police directorate (LPD), but without their own authority.
In Vienna there are currently 14 police commissioners subordinate to the Vienna State Police Department, each of which is responsible for a sub-area of the urban area. Outside Vienna, there are commissariats in the cities of Leoben , Schwechat , Steyr , Villach , Wels and Wiener Neustadt .
The city governor is always a member of the higher, legally qualified service of the state police department, i.e. a lawyer. For women, the designation can be given in female form.
literature
- Richard Perger: Stadthauptmann , in: Felix Czeike : Historisches Lexikon Wien , Volume 5, Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-218-00547-7 , p. 293
- Markus Roth: Gentlemen. The German District Chiefs in Occupied Poland - Career Paths, Rule Practice and Post-History. Wallstein Verlag: Göttingen 2009. ISBN 9783835304772
Individual evidence
- ^ Andrea Löw, Markus Roth: Jews in Krakow under German occupation 1939–1945 . Wallstein, Göttingen 2011 p. 22
- ↑ Bundespolizeidirektion Wien (Ed.): 80 Years of the Vienna Security Guard , Verlag für Jugend und Volk, Vienna 1949, p. 79
- ↑ polizei.gv.at - "New City Governor in Wels"