Steel industry / tables and graphs

Countries with significant steel production (as of 2007)

Here are tables and graphs on the global development of the steel industry together.

overview

According to Worldsteel, a total of 1,691 million tons of steel were produced worldwide in 2017 . By far the most important producer country in 2017 was the People's Republic of China with 832 million tons. In 2011, a total of 1514.7 million tons were produced (2010: 1418.7 million tons). Compared to the previous year, the increase was 6.8%. By far the most important producer country in 2011 was the People's Republic of China with 683.3 million tons (2010: 626.7 million tons). The Chinese share in global production was 45.1%. The country increased its steel production by 9.0% compared to the previous year.

World production excluding China was 831.4 million tons in 2011 (2010: 792.0 million tons). It rose by 5.0% compared to the previous year.

Important manufacturing countries in 2018 were:

Steel production of large steel producers in million tons.

region	2000	2010	2016	2017	2018
Germany	46.4	43.8	42.1	43.6	42.4
European Union	163.4	172.7	162.3	168.7	168.1
Turkey	14.3	29.1	33.1	37.5	37.3
Russia	59.1	66.9	70.1	71.3	71.7
United States	101.8	80.5	78.6	81.6	86.7
People's Republic of China	128.5	637.4	808.4	831.8	928.3
India	26.9	68.3	95.6	101.4	106.5
Japan	106.4	109.6	104.8	104.7	104.3
South Korea	43.1	58.9	68.6	71.1	72.5

So India has overtaken Japan and is the second largest steel producer.

Steel production in the (then) 27 states of the European Union was 177.4 million tons in 2011 (2010: 172.6 million tons). This corresponds to an increase of 2.8% compared to the previous year. German steel production in 2011 was 44.3 million tons (2010: 43.8 million tons). It rose by 1.1% compared to the previous year. Other important producers in Europe were the Ukraine, Italy, France and Spain.

The world's largest steel group in 2013 was ArcelorMittal with 96.1 million tons of annual production, followed by Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation with 50.1 million tons and the Hebei Steel Group with 43.9 million tons. The largest exporter of steel in 2013 was China with 61.5 million t. The country with the most imports in 2013 was the USA with 17.8 million t.

At the beginning of the 21st century, the steel industry's raw material requirements were temporarily not met. The reason for this was a resumption of exponential growth after a quarter of a century of stagnation , which was essentially caused by the strongly increasing demand for steel in the Chinese economy , and to a lesser extent also in India. Between 2003 and 2007, steel production in China grew annually by more than the annual production in Germany. This development was not foreseen. As a result, the supply of raw materials could not be increased quickly enough due to the restrictions on the production capacities of the mines as well as the shipping and handling capacities in sea transport, despite there being sufficient deposits of iron ore worldwide . Following a low in steel prices in 2001, prices for raw materials and steel products roughly doubled twice in the course of 2004 and in the first half of 2008. Steel remained scarce and expensive until mid-2008.

In the course of the financial crisis , steel demand fell rapidly for a short time. As a result, in May 2009 world market prices more than halved compared to the high in July 2008. A total of 1232.3 million tons of steel were produced worldwide in 2009 (2008: 1329.2 million tons). Compared to the previous year, the decrease was 7.3%. By far the most important producer country was the People's Republic of China with 573.6 million t (2008: 500.3 million t). The Chinese share in global production was 46.5%. The country increased its steel production by 14.7% compared to the previous year. World production excluding China was 658.7 million t in 2009 (2008: 828.9 million t). It fell by 20.5% compared to the previous year. In 2010 global production had recovered.

Steel production

By country

All figures relate to the states within their current borders. For Russia, for example, the RSFSR production figures up to 1990 are given.

The 10 largest steel producers (red) and other countries whose annual steel production is over 10 million tons (as of 2004)

Production in thousands of tons

Rank (2013)	country	1970	1980	1990	2000	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
1.	People's Republic of China	18,144	37.121	66,349	128,500	489.288	500,312	573,567	626.654	683.265	731.040	821.990
-	European Union	192,588	208,000	192.129	194.154	210,200	198.200	139,300	172,800	177,700	168,580	166.208
2.	Japan	93,322	111,395	110,339	106,444	120.203	118,739	87,534	109,599	107,595	107,232	110,595
3.	United States	119,307	101,456	89,726	101,803	98.102	91,350	58,196	80,495	86,247	88,695	86,878
4th	India	6.276	9,514	12,963	26,924	53,468	57,791	63,527	68,321	72,200	77.264	81,299
5.	Russia	65,835	84.040	87,735	59,136	72,387	68,510	60.011	66,942	68,743	70,426	68,856
6th	South Korea	481	8,558	23,125	43.107	51,517	53,625	48,572	58,363	68,471	69,073	66,061
7th	Germany	50,466	51,146	43,980	46,376	48,550	45,833	32,670	43,830	44,288	42,661	42,645
8th.	Turkey	1.312	2,536	9,443	14,325	25,754	26,806	25,304	29,143	34,103	35,885	34,654
9.	Brazil	5,390	15,337	20,567	27,865	33,782	33,716	26,506	32,928	35,162	34,524	34.163
10.	Ukraine	41,012	52,353	54,655	31,767	42,830	37,279	29,855	33,432	35,332	32,975	32,771
11.	Italy	17,277	26,501	25,467	26,759	31,553	30,590	19,848	25,750	28,662	27,252	24,080
12.	Taiwan	350	3,417	9,748	16,896	20,903	19,882	15,873	19,755	22,660	20,664	22,282
13.	Mexico	3,881	7.156	8,734	15,631	17,573	17.209	14,132	16,710	18,145	18,073	18,208
14th	France	23,774	23,176	19,016	20,954	19,250	17,879	12,840	15,414	15,777	15,609	15,685
15th	Iran	0	550	1,425	6,615	10.051	9,964	10,908	11,995	13,040	14,463	15,422
16.	Spain	7,394	12,643	12,936	15,874	18,999	18,640	14,358	16,343	15,591	13,639	14,252
17th	Canada	11,200	15.901	12,281	16,595	15,572	14,845	9,286	13.013	13,090	13,507	12,415
18th	United Kingdom	27,833	11,277	17,841	15,155	14,317	13,521	10,079	9,709	9,481	9,579	11,858
19th	Austria	4,079	4,623	4,291	5,707	7,578	7,594	5,662	7.206	7,474	7,421	7,953
20th	Poland	11,750	19,485	13,633	10,498	10,632	9,728	7.128	7,993	8,794	8,358	7,950
21st	South Africa	4,757	9,067	8,619	8,481	9,098	8,246	7,484	7,617	6,650	6,938	7,254
22nd	Belgium	12,607	12,422	11,453	11,636	10,692	10,673	5,635	7,973	8,114	7,301	7.093
23.	Egypt	450	882	2,240	2,838	6.224	6,198	5,541	6,676	6,486	6,627	6,754
24.	Netherlands	5,042	5,272	5,412	5,666	7,368	6,853	5,194	6,651	6,937	6,879	6,713
25th	Vietnam	0	0	102	306	2,024	2,250	2,700	4,314	4,580	5,298	5,474
26th	Saudi Arabia	0	0	1,790	2,981	4,644	4,667	4,690	5,015	5,275	5,203	5,471
27.	Argentina	1,823	2,687	3,636	4,474	5,387	5,541	4.013	5,138	5,655	4,995	5,186
28.	Czech Republic	7,546	10,007	9,712	6.216	7,059	6,387	4,594	5,180	5,583	5,072	5,171
29	Malaysia	122	210	1,100	3,650	6,895	6,423	5,354	5,694	6,040	5,612	4,693
30th	Australia	6,839	7,589	6,676	7.129	7,939	7,625	5,249	7,296	6,404	4,893	4,688
31.	Slovakia	3,934	5,218	5,063	3,733	5,089	4,489	3,747	4,580	4,242	4,403	4,511
32.	Sweden	5,497	4,237	4,455	5,227	5,673	5,164	2,804	4,846	4,866	4,326	4,404
33.	Thailand	153	450	685	2,100	5,565	5,211	3,646	4.145	4,400	3,328	3,579
34.	Finland	1,169	2,508	2,860	4,096	4,431	4,417	3,066	4.030	3,985	3,759	3,517
35.	Kazakhstan	6,144	7.115	7,428	4,769	4,782	4,250	4.146	4,220	4,699	3,676	3,275
36.	Romania	6,517	13,175	9,754	4,672	6.261	5,035	2,761	3,721	3,830	3,292	2,985
37.	United Arab Emirates	0	45	45	90	90	90	200	500	2,000	2,408	2,878
38.	Indonesia	10	543	2,892	2,848	4,160	3,915	3,501	3,664	3,890	2,254	2,644
39.	Qatar	0	463	564	729	1,147	1.406	1,448	1,970	2,038	2.145	2,236
40.	Belarus	1,090	1,391	1,452	1,502	2,410	2,589	2,417	2,530	2,614	2,687	2,245
41.	Venezuela	927	1,975	3.233	3,835	5,005	4,225	3,808	2,207	3,070	2,359	2.139
42.	Luxembourg	5,462	4,618	3,560	2,571	2,858	2,582	2.141	2,548	2,558	2,208	2,090

By regions

Steel production by region (shares in%)

region	1950	1970	1990	2000	2010	2011	2012	2018
NAFTA	47.7	22.6	14.4	15.8	7.9	7.7	7.8	4.9
European Union	32.5	32.4	24.9	22.8	12.2	11.7	10.9	9.4
CIS	13.5	19.4	20.1	11.6	7.6	7.5	7.2	5.7
Japan	2.5	15.7	14.3	12.5	7.8	7.1	6.9	5.8
People's Republic of China	0.3	3.0	8.7	15.1	44.3	45.1	46.3	51.9
other countries	3.5	6.9	17.6	22.2	20.2	21.0	20.9	22.4

A different breakdown by region results in the following picture.

Steel production by region (shares in million tons)

region	1980	1985	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2012	2018
European Union	208	199	192	191	193	196	172	169	168
Soviet Union later CIS	148	155	154	79	98	113	108	111	101
North America	125	103	111	123	135	128	112	122	121
South America	22nd	28	29	35	40	45	44	46	44
Near and Middle East	1.2	2.7	4.1	8.1	10	15th	20th	25th	36
Far East and Oceania	186	200	246	290	342	608	926	1018	1258
Africa	11	12	13	14th	14th	18th	17th	15th	15th
World as a whole	716	719	770	753	850	1148	1433	1545	1790

Definitions:
North America: America from Canada to El Salvador
South America: America south of El Salvador
Near and Middle East: Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates - excluding Turkey

For earlier years, steel production was distributed as follows:

Steel production by region since 1880 (in million tons)

region	1880	1900	1920	1939	1950
World as a whole	4th	28	71	125	190
OECD countries *	3	14th	23	51	51
United States	1	10	43	48	88
Soviet Union	0	2	1	18th	27
other countries	0	3	4th	8th	24 *

  * Japan did not join the OECD until 1964. Hence "other countries" including Japan

It only became possible to produce reasonable quality steel around 1860. In 1867 world production was only 0.022 million tons.

World production

Per year

The global production of steel is listed in millions of tons.

World steel production in million tons (1900-2007)

World production in millions of tons

year Prod. 1880 4.0 1900 28.3 1901 31.0 1902 34.5 1903 36.1 1904 36.3 1905 44.9 1906 51.2 1907 53.0 1908 41.4 1909 54.2 1910 60.3 1911 60.5 1912 72.8 1913 76.4

year Prod. 1914 60.4 1915 66.6 1916 78.2 1917 82.0 1918 77.2 1919 58.5 1920 72.5 1921 45.2 1922 68.8 1923 78.3 1924 78.5 1925 90.4 1926 93.4 1927 101.8 1928 110.0

year Prod. 1929 120.8 1930 95.1 1931 69.6 1932 50.7 1933 68.0 1934 82.4 1935 99.5 1936 124.3 1937 135.7 1938 110.0 1939 137.1 1940 140.6 1941 153.8 1942 151.4 1943 159.6

year Prod. 1944 151.2 1945 113.1 1946 111.6 1947 136.0 1948 155.3 1949 160.0 1950 191.6 1951 211.1 1952 211.6 1953 234.8 1954 223.8 1955 270.0 1956 283.5 1957 292.5 1958 274.3

year Prod. 1959 305.7 1960 346.4 1961 351.3 1962 360.1 1963 387.1 1964 433.4 1965 454.0 1966 472.7 1967 497.2 1968 529.8 1969 574.6 1970 595.4 1971 582.6 1972 630.7 1973 697.5

year Prod. 1974 703.8 1975 643.0 1976 675.5 1977 675.6 1978 717.2 1979 746.4 1980 715.6 1981 707.0 1982 645.0 1983 663.4 1984 710.3 1985 718.9 1986 714.0 1987 735.5 1988 780.1

year Prod. 1989 786.0 1990 770.5 1991 733.6 1992 719.7 1993 727.5 1994 725.1 1995 752.3 1996 750.1 1997 799.0 1998 777.3 1999 789.3 2000 848.9 2001 851.1 2002 904.2 2003 969.9

year Prod. 2004 1071.4 2005 1144.0 2006 1247.1 2007 1346.6 2008 1329.2 2009 1232.3 2010 1418.7 2011 1514.7 2012 1548.0 2013 1606.0

Per quarter

Development of global steel production 2000–2012 in million tons per month.

The development of global steel production per quarter and in percent on the previous quarter and on the previous year. The monthly and quarterly production figures of the World Steel Association are based on information from 62 countries, the annual figures on information from 90 countries.

Production in millions of tons year Qu. I Qu. II Qu. III Qu. IV 2000 203.7 210.5 206.4 207.1 2001 204.3 210.6 205.5 205.4 2002 209.0 221.8 224.2 229.0 2003 228.2 239.2 236.2 246.4 2004 251.9 258.0 262.6 272.6 2005 272.7 283.6 277.4 290.3 2006 289.9 313.3 310.8 318.4 2007 322.5 335.3 331.4 337.1 2008 340.9 356.9 337.2 267.6 2009 265.0 286.5 323.8 331.2 2010 340.9 363.8 339.7 346.4 2011 376.3 384.3 374.5 356.0 2012 377.3 388.3 376.0

Change on the previous quarter in% year Qu. I Qu. II Qu. III Qu. IV 2000 0.7 3.3 −1.9 0.3 2001 −1.4 3.1 −2.4 −0.1 2002 1.8 6.1 1.1 2.1 2003 −0.3 4.8 −1.3 4.3 2004 2.2 2.4 1.8 3.8 2005 0.1 4.0 −2.2 4.7 2006 −0.1 8.1 −0.8 2.4 2007 1.3 4.0 −1.2 1.7 2008 1.1 4.7 −5.5 −20.6 2009 −1.0 8.1 13.0 2.3 2010 2.9 6.7 −6.6 2.0 2011 8.6 2.1 −2.6 −4.9 2012 6.0 2.9 −3.2

Change compared to previous year in% year Qu. I Qu. II Qu. III Qu. IV 2000 12.5 8.2 6.1 2.4 2001 0.3 0.1 −0.4 −0.8 2002 2.3 5.3 9.1 11.5 2003 9.2 7.8 5.4 7.6 2004 10.4 7.9 11.2 10.6 2005 8.3 9.9 5.6 6.5 2006 6.3 10.5 12.0 9.7 2007 11.2 7.0 6.6 5.9 2008 5.7 6.4 1.8 −20.6 2009 −22.3 −19.7 −4.0 23.8 2010 28.6 27.0 4.9 4.6 2011 10.4 5.6 10.2 2.8 2012 0.3 1.0 0.4

The three leading production countries

Production in thousands of tons year 1. Prod. 2. Prod. 3. Prod. 1950 87,848 27,300 16,554 1951 95,436 31,350 15,889 1952 84,521 34,492 16,681 1953 101.251 38.128 17,891 1954 80.115 41,434 18,817 1955 106.173 45.271 21,336 1956 104,522 48,698 22,561 1957 102.253 51.176 27,973 1958 77,342 54,920 26,265 1959 84,773 59,972 29,435 1960 90,067 65,294 34,100 1961 88,917 70,756 33,458 1962 89.202 76,307 32,563 1963 99.120 80.231 31,597 1964 115.281 85.038 39,799 1965 119.260 91,021 41,161 1966 121,655 96.907 47,784 1967 115.406 102.224 62.154 1968 119.262 106,537 66,893 1969 128.151 110.315 82.166 1970 119,307 115,886 93,322 1971 120,637 109.264 88,557 1972 125,589 120,874 96,900 1973 136,802 131,481 119,322 1974 136,200 132.195 117.131 1975 141,325 105.816 102.313 1976 144.805 116.120 107,399 1977 146,655 113,700 102.405 1978 151,436 124.313 102.105 1979 149.087 123,688 111,748 1980 147.931 111,395 101,456 1981 148,517 109,614 101,676 1982 147.153 99,548 67,656 1983 152.511 97.179 76,762 1984 154,238 105,586 83,940 1985 154,668 105.279 80,067 1986 160,550 98.275 74,031 1987 161,887 98,513 80,876 1988 163.037 105,681 90,650 1989 160.096 107.908 88,852 Production in thousands of tons year 1. Prod. 2. Prod. 3. Prod. 1990 154,436 110,339 89,726 1991 132,839 109,649 79,738 1992 98.132 84,322 80.935 1993 99,623 89,539 88,793 1994 98,295 92,613 91,244 1995 101,640 95,360 95.191 1996 101,237 98,801 95,535 1997 108,911 104,545 98,485 1998 114,588 98,658 93,548 1999 124,260 97,427 94.192 2000 128,500 106,444 101,803 2001 151,634 102,866 90.104 2002 182,366 107,745 91,587 2003 222,336 110,511 93,677 2004 282.911 112,718 99,681 2005 353.240 112,471 94,897 2006 419.149 116.226 98,557 2007 489.288 120.203 98.102 2008 500,312 118,739 91,350 2009 573,567 87,534 63,527 2010 626.654 109,599 80,495 2011 683.265 107,595 86,247 2016 786.880 104,774 95,477 2017 831.730 104,661 101,371 2018 928,300 106,500 104,300

By company

→ Main article : List of the largest steel manufacturers

In 2006 the five largest steel companies produced only 20% of the world's steel production. By 2013 this share had fallen slightly to 17%. In contrast to the consolidated aluminum market, the steel market is still relatively fragmented.

Export and import

The largest exporters and importers of semi-finished and finished steel products are listed in thousands of tons.

Export (2010) rank country Quantity (in thousand t) 1. Japan 42,735 2. China 41,646 3. Russia 27,382 4th Germany 25,352 5. Ukraine 25,201 6th South Korea 24,628 7th Turkey 16,223 8th. Italy 15,316 9. Belgium 15,153 10. France 14,141 11. United States 11.802 12. Taiwan 10,001 13. Spain 9,815 14th Netherlands 9,271 15th Brazil 8,983 16. Canada 6,968 17th Austria 6.315 18th Great Britain 6,042 19th India 5,850 20th Mexico 5,167

Import (2010) rank country Quantity (in thousand t) 1. South Korea 24,779 2. Germany 22,733 3. United States 22,530 4th China 17.181 5. Italy 16.307 6th France 14,178 7th Thailand 12,281 8th. Belgium 11,481 9. Turkey 10,746 10. Vietnam 9,298 11. Iran 9,238 12. Canada 8,752 13. Spain 8,630 14th Taiwan 8,499 15th Indonesia 7,045 16. Netherlands 6,853 17th UAE 6,694 18th Mexico 6,398 19th Poland 6,386 20th Great Britain 6,297

World trade

The following table shows world trade and world production of processed steel (in millions of tons) and the percentage of exports in world production.

World trade

year	Export (in million t)	Production (in million t)	Export share (in%)
1975	114.7	506.9	22.6
1976	126.1	533.7	23.6
1977	127.9	536.5	23.8
1978	138.6	571.7	24.2
1979	143.1	598.7	23.9
1980	140.6	578.7	24.3
1981	142.8	574.3	24.9
1982	135.5	528.7	25.6
1983	145.3	546.5	26.6
1984	158.8	588.4	27.0
1985	171.0	599.0	28.5
1986	161.7	597.4	27.1
1987	162.3	615.5	26.4
1988	171.1	656.8	26.1
1989	171.2	664.4	25.8
1990	171.0	654.0	26.2
1991	177.1	660.1	26.8
1992	196.1	658.2	29.8
1993	222.5	665.0	33.5
1994	238.6	656.3	36.3
1995	246.6	685.0	36.0
1996	236.4	686.5	34.4
1997	267.9	729.6	36.7
1998	268.7	713.4	37.7
1999	280.8	725.1	38.7
2000	307.1	782.5	39.2
2001	300.4	784.9	38.3
2002	313.1	836.2	37.4
2003	332.9	898.1	37.1
2004	366.2	992.5	36.9
2005	371.3	1062.2	35.0
2006	418.3	1158.6	36.1
2007	443.8	1251.4	35.5
2008	436.2	1234.6	35.3
2009	326.3	1147.0	28.4
2010	386.6	1316.6	29.4

See also

• List of the largest iron ore producers
• List of the largest pig iron producers

literature

• Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag: Fischer-Weltalmanach. Figures-data-facts , 1960 ff.

Web links

• World Steel Association
• Current statistics at Stahl-Online
• US Geological Survey
• British Geological Survey

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.stahl-online.de//index.php/statistiken#konjektivenlage
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l} World Steel Association: Statistics Archive ( Memento of the original dated February 12, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
3. ↑ International Manganese Institute: World Steel's original data sheet  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ( MS Excel ; 1.2 MB)  
4. ↑ World Steel Production 1980-2013 . World Steel Association. Nov 2014. Archived from the original on April 20, 2015. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 4, 2015. 
5. ↑ Handbook of World Steel Statistics . 1978. Archived from the original on May 13, 2015. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 4, 2015. 
6. ↑ Stephan Koren: Structural changes on the international steel market [1] (PDF; 608 kB) wifo, 1964 issue 2
7. ^ [2] University of Kiel
8. ↑ Austrian Institute for Economic Research: Structural changes on the international steel market: Wifo, Heft 2, 1964 (PDF; 608 kB)
9. ↑ South African Iron and Steel Institute: World crude steel production ( Memento of the original from September 23, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ( MS Excel ; 126 kB) 
10. ^ World Steel Association: World Steel in Figures