Stanislaw Jankowski

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Stanisław Jankowski in August 1944

Stanisław Jankowski (born September 29, 1911 in Warsaw ; † March 5, 2002 in Warsaw) was a Polish officer and architect. During the Second World War he was known under the pseudonym "Agaton". During his captivity, he was the adjutant of the Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Home Army , Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski . After the war he was one of the most important architects in Warsaw's reconstruction.

Life

After graduating from high school in 1929, Jankowski was a student and assistant at the architecture faculty at the Warsaw Politechnika before the war . He belonged to the Polish student union Sarmatia, founded in St. Petersburg in 1908 .

Second World War

In 1939, when war broke out in what was then Vilna , he was drafted as an officer in the Polish army . Even before the Red Army marched into Lithuania , he managed to escape to Stockholm and from there to France. In June 1940 he reached Plymouth . On June 21, 1940, his father and brother were executed by German units in Palmiry . Jankowski now reported to the Polish armed forces in the west . First he was stationed as a lieutenant in the 1st division of light artillery in St Andrews in Scotland. After training at the High Course of Military Administration , he jumped on March 3, 1942 as part of Operation "Collar" with a parachute near Wyszków over occupied Poland. From there he went to Warsaw, where he joined the underground Polish Home Army (AK). From April 1942 he organized the AK Department of Legalization and Technology ( Wydział Legalizacji i Techniki , also "WD-68") under the code name "Gajewski", in which ID cards and other documents were forged. The activities of the department, which mainly consisted of architects (including Piotr Biegański ), were carried out in the rooms of the Faculty of Architecture on Koszykowa Street . In the period up to 1944 Jankowski used the pseudonyms "Burek" and "Kucharski", from 1944 then "Agaton".

Jankowski initially took part in the Warsaw Uprising as a member of the Radosław Group ( Zgrupowanie Radosław ) of the Pięść Battalion , and later he was a captain in the “Północ” group. After the uprising was put down, he was taken prisoner of war and taken to officers' camp No. 73 in Langwasser near Nuremberg. There he worked as an adjutant to General Bór-Komorowski, who was also captured. In May 1945 the camp was liberated by US troops.

Rebuilding Warsaw

After the war Jankowski first went to England, where he studied urban planning in Liverpool . After successfully completing his degree, he returned to Warsaw and worked in the Capital Reconstruction Office (BOS) . As a close collaborator of Józef Sigalin , he was significantly involved in the planning of new roads (such as the Trasa WZ ) and the construction of the socially realistic MDM district . The guidelines for the development of Warsaw in the three-year plan (1947 to 1950) presented on April 2, 1947 also came from him.

work abroad

At the beginning of the 1960s, Jankowski was in Baghdad with other Polish city planners to develop concepts for the cities of Mosul , Kerbela and Basra . In 1964/1965 he led the reconstruction of the city of Skopje in what is now North Macedonia, which was destroyed by an earthquake . He then worked in Peru on plans to rebuild the city of Chimbote, which was also destroyed by the earth . From 1975 to 1977 Jankowski worked for the International Red Cross ; During this time he planned the construction of emergency shelters for the North Vietnamese victims of the bombing in the Vietnam War .

As a pensioner Jankowski lived again in Warsaw. He has authored several books and worked for television. He was committed to the erection of a memorial in memory of the former Umschlagplatz at the Warsaw Ghetto .

Awards

Stanisław Jankowski has received several military and civil medals. He received the Order Virtuti Militari , the Knight's Award of the Order Polonia Restituta , the Order Sztandaru Pracy (2nd class), the Cross of the Warsaw Uprising , several times the National Art Prize ( Państwowa Nagroda Artystyczna ) and the gold medal for the reconstruction of Warsaw . In 1995 he was made an honorary citizen of Warsaw .

In Warsaw, a small park was also named after him - the Skwer Stanisława Jankowskiego Agatona .

Works (selection)

  • MDM - Marszałkowska 1730–1954 , Czytelnik, 1955
  • The Reconstruction of Warsaw , Liverpool University Press, 1957 (with S. Dziewulski)
  • Warsaw Rebuilt , Polonia, 1962 (with other authors)
  • Warsaw, the city which refused to die , Research Institute on Environmental Development, Warsaw 1976
  • Z fałszywym pass w prawdziwej Warszawie , Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, Warsaw 1980
  • various articles and features in magazines and newspapers such as "Stolica", "Przegląd Kulturalny" or " Życie Warszawy "

Web links

Commons : Stanisław Jankowski  - collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • Niels Gutschow, Barbara Klain: Destruction and Utopia. City planning Warsaw 1939–1945. Junius-Verlag, ISBN 3-88506-223-2 , Hamburg 1994, p. 162 ff.

Remarks

  1. ↑ According to other sources, at the moment of his escape he had already been captured by units of the Red Army
  2. ^ At the High Course of Military Administration , Polish officers were trained in espionage in Poland
  3. ↑ Gajewski was a well-known Warsaw confectionery

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Skwer Stanisława Jankowskiego "Agatona". Retrieved March 4, 2020 (Polish).
personal data
SURNAME Jankowski, Stanisław
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish architect and urban planner
DATE OF BIRTH September 29, 1911
PLACE OF BIRTH Warsaw
DATE OF DEATH March 5, 2002
Place of death Warsaw