Stauffacherin

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Image of the Stauffacherin scene at the town hall in Schwyz

The Stauffacherin (with Friedrich Schiller Gertrud Stauffacher ) is a legendary figure and the wife of the Schwyz Landammann Werner Stauffacher . In the mythology of the federal liberation tradition, Stauffacher was one of the three confederates who were involved in the Rütli oath . The Stauffachers are identified with the place Steinen bei Schwyz, where their name appears in sources from around 1300 to the end of the 14th century. A “Stauffacherin” is not mentioned, however.

Legend

Stauffacher's wife often does not have a name of her own, but is identified as a wife by the ending -in . She is first mentioned around 1470 in the White Book of Sarnen as an advisor to her husband. Since then, her character has been afflicted with different ideas. Around 1788 she was called Barbara Heerlobig. Friedrich Schiller gave her the first name Gertrud in the drama Wilhelm Tell .

At Schiller, Gertrud shares her opinion with her husband Werner after meeting Vogt Hermann Gessler and moves him to act. For a good cause she is ready to accept a war, a fire in her house or even death. Around 1804 this courageous role did not correspond at all to the image of women. Although her appearance is short, she makes a strong impression. The call, ascribed to her by Schiller, “Look forward, Werner, and not behind you” (Act 1, Scene 2) became a popular phrase.

reception

In Gottfried Keller's 1874 novella The Lost Laughter , Ms. Gertrud Glor von Schwanau is called "a Stauffacherin". She thought it came from the common baptismal name, "but let herself be instructed that one knew very well what the name meant, and that it denoted the ideal of a clever and strong Swiss woman, a star and ornament of the house and consolation of Fatherland ».

Plastic "Die Stauffacherin" in stones

On the occasion of the national celebration in 1891, the figure of the Stauffacherin together with her husband and Vogt Gessler, who rode away, was pictured by Ferdinand Wagner on the facade decoration of the Schwyz town hall . On the motto above the picture, Gertrud, confident of victory and trusting in God's help, calls on her husband to armed struggle.

The Stauffacherin in the National Council Chamber

The first Swiss women's congress , which took place in 1896 on the occasion of the national exhibition in Geneva, commissioned a women's committee in Bern to plan a memorial for the Stauffacher, which was to be erected in stones. In 1898 a design by the sculptor Max Leu appeared in the German journal Die Gartenlaube . In this representation, too, the Stauffacher towers over her husband. The base of the monument would have had the following inscription: "Look forward, Werner". It was never realized for lack of money. In 1902, however, a woman from Stauffacher was set up as the “bearer of the idea” next to Tell as the “man of action” in the National Council Chamber of the Federal Palace. And since 1982 the sculpture "Die Stauffacherin", created by Josef Rickenbacher in 1976, has stood in Steinen .

In 1899, the Union of Young Stauffacherinnen was founded, which took care of the training of disadvantaged girls and young women. They completed courses in character formation, ethical-religious lifestyle and local art. These courses were funded by donations. The aim of the association was to “train the future mother”. The federal government led by Lina Zürrer was active until 1930. On the other hand is further consisting of, founded in 1922 STAUFFACHER inner collar Thalwil, in Thalwil a nonprofit Brockenstube operates. In Zurich , near Stauffacherstrasse, there is an accommodation for women called Haus zur Stauffacherin . It was opened as a pension in 1938 .

In 1934 the historian Maria Waser dealt with the essence of Swiss culture in the series of writings for Swiss art and art . She praised the will for freedom of the "proud, indomitable and love of freedom" from Stauffacher. Wilhelm Tell and the Stauffacherin embodied the masculine and feminine principle in their text.

In the film Landammann Stauffacher (1941), Werner Stauffacher's wife has already died. His daughter Margret ( Anne-Marie Blanc ) runs the household.

In 2004, the historian Elisabeth Joris , who specializes in gender history, took up the comparison between Wilhelm Tell and Gertrud Stauffacher again and spoke in a lecture about the “unequal careers of the fictional couple”.

In the first episode of the fiction documentary Die Schweizer (2013), Stauffacher's wife is called Hanna. She usually appears at her husband's side in stones, but gives him no advice.

literature

  • Georg Kreis : Stauffacherin. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . February 27, 2012 .
  • Martina Kälin: The Stauffacher and the Stauffacherin - or finally a woman in Schwyz history! In: Communications from the Historical Association of the Canton of Schwyz. 100/2008, pp. 108-111.
  • Martina Kälin-Gisler: Stauffacher and Stauffacher in the culture of remembrance from the 19th to the 21st century. In: Communications from the Historical Association of the Canton of Schwyz. 107/2015, pp. 113-143.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Martina Kälin: The Stauffacher and the Stauffacherin - or finally a woman in Schwyz history! , P. 109.
  2. ↑ William Tell. Play by Schiller. Cotta, Tübingen 1804, pages 17-25.
  3. ↑ Martina Kälin-Gisler: Stauffacher and Stauffacherin in the culture of remembrance from the 19th to the 21st century , p. 130.
  4. ^ Georg Kreis: Stauffacherin. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  5. ↑ Gottfried Keller: The lost laugh, chapter 1. Zeno.org, accessed on December 27, 2020.
  6. ↑ Martina Kälin-Gisler: Stauffacher and Stauffacherin in the culture of remembrance from the 19th to the 21st century , p. 134 f.
  7. ↑ Martina Kälin-Gisler: Stauffacher and Stauffacherin in the culture of remembrance from the 19th to the 21st century , pp. 135 ff.
  8. ↑ Martina Kälin-Gisler: Stauffacher and Stauffacherin in the culture of remembrance from the 19th to the 21st century , p. 137 f.
  9. ↑ Martina Kälin-Gisler: Stauffacher and Stauffacherin in the culture of remembrance from the 19th to the 21st century , p. 122.
  10. ↑ a b Martina Kälin-Gisler: Stauffacher and Stauffacherin in the culture of remembrance from the 19th to the 21st century , p. 133.
  11. ↑ Martina Kälin-Gisler: Stauffacher and Stauffacherin in the culture of remembrance from the 19th to the 21st century , p. 123.