Stephan von Dolein

Stephan von Dolein OCart (also Stephan von Dollein , Stephan Schram [m] , Stephan von Dolany ; sometimes Stephan von Olmütz ; Czech Štěpán z Dolan , also Štěpán Šram ; Latin Stephanus Dolanensis ; Stephanus de Dolan ; * around 1350 ; † 27. July 1421 ) belonged to the Carthusian order and was the first provost of the “Vallis Josaphat” Charterhouse in Dolein near Olomouc . He also wrote several anti-Hussite treatises .

Life

Stephan came from the noble family Schram ( Šram , also Šramové ), whose ancestors probably came from the Schaumburger Land or Holstein and came to Moravia in the entourage of the Olomouc bishop Bruno von Schauenburg . Dietrich von Schram, whose grandson Stephan was, owned a fiefdom in Lotschnau in the early 1420s . Around the middle of the 14th century, a Johannes von Schram, who held the office of Burgrave of Mejlice, owned the episcopal fiefdom Mejlice ( Melice ), which was also known as "Šrámov", and other estates in the Wischau district . The Schram had their burial place in the monastery church of the Benedictine monastery of Pustimir .

Stephen's parents were Hendlin Schram and Hedwig NN. It is possible that Stephan is identical to that Stephanus de Moravia , who obtained the degree of Bachelor of Arts at Charles University in 1372 . According to his own statements, he also had a master's degree . As such, he was employed in the notary's office at the Prager Landtafel and then in the office of the Roman-German King Wenceslaus . Probably under the influence of the Prague bishop Johann von Jenstein , Stephan Schram joined the Carthusian Order and became a monk in the Prague Charterhouse "Garden of Blessed Mary" ( Hortus Beatae Mariae in Latin , Zahrada Panny Marie in Czech ).

After the Carthusian Monastery of Tržek, founded in 1378 by the Leitomischler Bishop Albrecht von Sternberg , soon ran into economic hardship after his death in 1380, the General Chapter decided, with the consent of Margrave Jobst, to move to Dolein. This was donated together with three other villages by Bishop Albrecht of the Carthusian Monastery of Tržek, from which it was, however, too far away. Therefore, the aim was to move the Charterhouse closer to the estates, thereby facilitating their management and ensuring the food of the monks. As early as 1386 the General Chapter commissioned the Prague Prior Albert to transfer some of the monks to Moravia. However, since the proposed Dolein and its surroundings belonged to the Diocese of Olomouc , the consent of Bishop Peter Jelito had to be obtained, who gave it shortly before his death in 1387.

The previous novice Stephan Schram was appointed first prior of the Carthusian Monastery of Dolein , who is therefore also referred to as Stephan von Dolein . Since some of the monks initially remained in Tržek, Stephan was also responsible for them as prior. The prior there Johann von Lenbach was transferred to Prague, where he died on March 12, 1415.

In the years from 1387 to 1408, Prior Stephan devoted himself to the construction of the monastery complex and the monastery church. In order to create a stable economic base, he tried to expand the properties on which he had mills, ponds and vineyards built. When he inherited the Želeč ( Zeltsch ) fief that belonged to his family , he sold it and donated the proceeds for the construction of the monastery complex. Margrave Jobst, who pledged to protect the monastery, donated two farms in Pollein , which belonged to the desolate Tepenec Castle , and a farm in Haňovice ( Haniowitz ) with a desolate mill. Jobst donated 200 marks for the construction of the church and allowed the purchase of Loučany ( Lautschen ).

In 1401 Stephan wrote a praise for the feast of the Annunciation under the title "Panegyricus in festum annuntiationis Mariae". As he had good relations with the Prague Charterhouse, the local Prior Marquart kept him informed about the Hussite movement and the unrest at Charles University. In addition to his various tasks as prior, he fought the teachings of John Wyclif and the reformer Jan Hus . With several Latin tracts written by him, he tried to refute their teachings. In 1408 and 1420 he was appointed by the General Chapter as a visitor for the Carthusians in Upper Germany . He maintained friendly relations with the Charterhouse Královo Pole ( Königsfeld ) in Brno . In 1396 he agreed a confraternity with the Augustinian monastery in Landskron .

With Stephan von Dolein, who died on July 27, 1421, according to records of the Pustimer abbess, the Moravian line of the Schram in the male line became extinct. He did not live to see the capture of the Dolein Charterhouse in 1425 by the Hussites and the subsequent destruction. Also not the subsequent founding of the Olomouc Charterhouse , so that the name variant Stephan von Olmütz that is occasionally used is not applicable.

Works

• Panegyricus in festum annuntiationis Mariae (1401)
• Medulla tritici seu Antiwiklefus (1408)
• Apologia pro sacris religionibus monasticis adversus Wickleffum aliosque
• Antihus (1412)
• Epistola invectiva Matris Ecclesiae in contendentes de papatu
• Dialogus volatilis inter aucam et passerem adversus Hussum (1414)
• Liber epistolaris ad Hussitas (1417)

literature

• Rudolf Hikl: Stěpán z Dolan . Olomouc 1966.
• Franz Machilek: Church reforms of the 14th and 15th centuries Century . In: Winfried Eberhard and Franz Machilek (eds.): Church reform impulses of the 14./14. Century in East Central Europe . Böhlau-Verlag 2006, ISBN 978-3-412-26105-4 , p. 29.

Web links

• Catalog raisonné
• Štěpán z Dolan ( Czech )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Google Books as Stephan von Olmütz
2. ↑ Correctly it must probably be called "Henßlin" (= Hans / Johannes ), so that it is likely that Stephan was a son of the Pustimir burgrave Johannes Schram.
3. ↑ Inconsistent spelling; sometimes Leubach too .
4. ↑ Winfried Eberhard and Franz Machilek (eds.): Church reform impulses of the 14./15. Century in East Central Europe . ISBN 978-3-412-26105-4 , p. 29.
5. ↑ "Horní Alemanie" after Rudolf Hikl, p. 12.
6. ↑ History of the Dolein Charterhouse ( Czech )