Star chickweed

Star chickweed
	Great chickweed ( Stellaria holostea )
Systematics
	Eudicotyledons
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order :	Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family :	Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae)
Subfamily :	Alsinoideae
Genre :	Star chickweed
Scientific name
	Stellaria
	L.

The star chickweed ( Stellaria ) are a genus of plants in the carnation family (Caryophyllaceae). The 120 to 200 species are distributed almost worldwide, they mainly thrive in the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere .

Description and ecology

Vegetative characteristics

The star chickweed species are annual or perennial , herbaceous plants . Often a rhizome without a tuber serves as a perpetuation organ. The stems are square in some species. The simple leaves are opposite, as with all representatives of the family.

Generative characteristics

The flowers are in dichasia , rarely alone or in pairs. The bracts are dry-skinned or herbaceous.

Large-flowered chickweed ( Stellaria neglecta )

The mostly hermaphroditic ( unisexual in Stellaria dicranoides ) flowers are radial symmetry, five-fold and have a double flower envelope . The five green sepals are herbaceous and are close to the capsule fruit when the fruit is ripe. The five or fewer petals are deeply two-columned and white, sometimes reddish, rarely green; they are seldom missing. There are ten fertile stamens , rarely three to five or none. They usually have nectar glands at their base. The pistil has (two to) three (to five) styluses that are 0.2 to 7 millimeters long . The flowers are protandric , homogamous, or protogynous . The pollination is done by insects or self-pollination .

The spherical to cylindrical capsule fruits are single-fan and usually jump with three or six (sometimes four, eight or ten) flaps to the middle and contain (one to) three to over twenty seeds. The seeds are round to kidney-shaped and wrinkled and papilose on the edge. It spreads by the wind ( anemochory ).

Bach chickweed ( Stellaria alsine )

Stellaria humifusa

Stellaria pubera

Stellaria pungens

Stellaria ruscifolia

Systematics

The genus Stellaria was established by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum in 1753 . A synonym for Stellaria L. is Alsine L.

The genus Stellaria belongs to the tribe Alsineae in the subfamily Alsinoideae within the family Caryophyllaceae .

Of the 120 to 200 Stellaria species (selection) worldwide, around 18 species occur in Europe:

Bach chickweed ( Stellaria alsine Grimm , Syn .: Stellaria uliginosa Murray )
Stellaria anagalloides Rupr. : It occurs in Armenia.
Pale chickweed ( Stellaria apetala Ucria ; Syn .: Stellaria pallida (Dumort.) Piré )
Stellaria borealis Bigelow : It occurs in Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Finland.
Stellaria bungeana Fenzl : It occurs in Russia.
Stellaria calycantha (Ledeb.) Bong. : It occurs in Northern Europe, North America and East Asia.
Stellaria chilensis Pedersen : It is native to Chile.
Stellaria ciliatisepala Trautv. : It occurs in Russia.
Stellaria cilicica Boiss. & Balansa : It occurs in Cyprus and the Middle East.
Thick-leaved chickweed ( Stellaria crassifolia Ehrh. ): It occurs in Central Europe only in Northern Germany and Poland.
Stellaria crassipes Hultén : It occurs in Norway, Sweden, Russia and Svalbard.
Stellaria cuspidata Willd. ex Schltdl. : It occurs in North, Central and South America.
Stellaria dichotoma L .: It is native to East Asia and China.
Stellaria fennica (Murb.) Perfil. : It occurs in Norway, Sweden and Finland.
Chickweed ( Stellaria graminea L. )
Stellaria hebecalyx Fenzl : It occurs in Russia and the Ukraine.
Large chickweed ( Stellaria holostea L. ), also True chickweed called
Stellaria humifusa Rottb. : It occurs in Iceland, Norway, Finland, Russia, Greenland, North Asia and on Svalbard.
Stellaria kotschyana Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey.
Long-leaf chickweed ( Stellaria longifolia Muhl. Ex Willd. )
Stellaria longipes Goldie : It occurs in Northern Europe and North America.
Chickweed ( Stellaria media (L.) Vill. )
Large-flowered chickweed ( Stellaria neglecta Weihe )
Stellaria nemorum L .: With the subspecies:
- Hain-chickweed ( Stellaria nemorum L. subsp. Nemorum )
- Mountain chickweed ( Stellaria nemorum subsp. Montana (Pierrat) Berher , Syn .: Stellaria montana Pierrat , Stellaria nemorum subsp. Glochidisperma Murb. , Stellaria glochidisperma (Murb.) Freyn , Stellaria nemorum subsp. Circaeoides A.F. Black )

Marsh chickweed ( Stellaria palustris Hoffm. )

Stellaria persica Boiss. : It occurs in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkey.

Stellaria pubera Michx. : It occurs in the eastern and central United States.

Stellaria pungens Brongn. : It occurs in Australia.

Stellaria ruderalis M. Lepší , P. Lepší , Z. Kaplan , P. Koutecký : It occurs in Central Europe.

Stellaria ruscifolia Pallas ex Schldl. : It occurs in Alaska and in Far Eastern Asian Russia.

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literature

John K. Morton: Stellaria. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 5: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 2 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2005, ISBN 0-19-522211-3 , pp. 96 (English, online ). (Sections Description and Systematics)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f John K. Morton: Stellaria. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 5: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 2 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2005, ISBN 0-19-522211-3 , pp. 96 (English, online ).
↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 421 ( digitized version ).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t Karol Marhold: Caryophyllaceae. Stellaria . In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity . Berlin 2011.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Stellaria in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
^ ^A ^b ^c ^d ^e Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
↑ Gerold Hügin: Stellaria pallida - still often misunderstood. In: Kochia. Volume 6, 2012, ISSN 1863-155X , pp. 91-117.
^ Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
↑ Lepší, Martin & Lepší, Petr & Koutecky, Petr & Lučanová, Magdalena & Koutecká, Eva & Kaplan, Zdenek. (2019). Stellaria ruderalis , a new species in the Stellaria media group from central Europe. Preslia. 91, 391-420. 10.23855 / preslia.2019.391. ( [1] )

Web links

Commons : Sternmieren ( Stellaria ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Entries about Stellaria in Plants For A Future . Retrieved January 4, 2014.

[FoNA-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f John K. Morton: Stellaria. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 5: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 2 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2005, ISBN 0-19-522211-3 , pp. 96 (English, online ).

[SpPl-2] Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 421 ( digitized version ).

[Euro+Med-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t Karol Marhold: Caryophyllaceae. Stellaria . In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity . Berlin 2011.

[GRIN-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Stellaria in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[Fischer2005-5] A ^b ^c ^d ^e Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .

[Hügin_2012-6] Gerold Hügin: Stellaria pallida - still often misunderstood. In: Kochia. Volume 6, 2012, ISSN 1863-155X , pp. 91-117.

[Schmeil-Fitschen2001/2002-7] Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .

[Preslia91-8] Lepší, Martin & Lepší, Petr & Koutecky, Petr & Lučanová, Magdalena & Koutecká, Eva & Kaplan, Zdenek. (2019). Stellaria ruderalis , a new species in the Stellaria media group from central Europe. Preslia. 91, 391-420. 10.23855 / preslia.2019.391. ( [1] )