Marsh chickweed

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Marsh chickweed
Marsh chickweed (Stellaria palustris), illustration

Marsh chickweed ( Stellaria palustris ), illustration

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae)
Subfamily : Alsinoideae
Genre : Star chickweed ( Stellaria )
Type : Marsh chickweed
Scientific name
Stellaria palustris
Honor ex Hoffm.

The marsh chickweed ( Stellaria palustris ) is a species of the carnation family (Caryophyllaceae). It is widespread in Eurasia .

description

Appearance and leaf

The marsh chickweed grows as a wintering green, perennial, herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of 30 to 45 (10 to 60) centimeters. All parts of the plant are hairless, this is where it differs from similar species. It forms a thin, creeping rhizome as a permanent organ. Several upright, relatively thin, square, bare, gray-green, papilose stems with little branching at their base stand together.

The constantly against arranged on the stem leaves are sessile. The simple, blue to pink-green, mostly frosted leaf blade is 1.5 to 5 cm long and 1 to 4 mm wide, linear-lanceolate with a slightly narrowed, wedge-shaped blade base and a pointed upper end. Both leaf surfaces are bare and the distinct median nerve is papilous on the underside of the leaf. The smooth leaf margin is papillae.

Inflorescence and flower

The terminal, dichotomous , zymous inflorescence standing on a 7 to 10 cm long inflorescence stem rarely contains only one, usually two to 21 flowers. The bald, herbaceous or dry-skinned, whitish bracts and bracts are lanceolate with a length of 2 to 7 mm and have a green central rib and a membranous to dry-skinned edge. The ascending, bare flower stalk is 3 to 10 cm long.

The flowering period extends from May to July. The hermaphroditic flower is radial symmetry with a diameter of 12 to 18 mm and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The petals are one and a quarter to twice as long as the sepals. The five free, bare sepals are usually 5 to 7 millimeters long with a length of (4 to 8) lanceolate with a pointed upper end and have three distinct nerves and a broad, membranous or dry-skinned edge. The five white petals are divided in two almost to the base and these corolla lobes are linear with a blunt upper end. There are two circles with five stamens each; they are only slightly longer than the sepals. The anthers are often colored red. The Upper constant ovary is egg-shaped. The three upright, thin styluses are 5 to 7 mm long.

Fruit and seeds

The green or straw-colored, oval-cylindrical capsule fruit with a pointed end is 8 to 10 mm in length, at most, a little longer than the sepals that are still present. The capsule fruit opens with six valves when ripe and contains many seeds. The dark-reddish-brown to black-brown seeds are almost spherical with a diameter of 1.2 to 1.5 mm and have a clearly wrinkled to warty surface.

Chromosome number

The chromosome numbers 2n = about 100 to 130 to 188 (in Europe) to about 198, but also 26.

Occurrence and endangerment

The marsh chickweed has a wide Eurasian distribution area. Occurrences are known in Europe , Middle East , Russia , Kazakhstan , Afghanistan , Japan , Mongolia and the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shandong, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan. According to Oberdorfer, it is a Nordic-Eurasian (Nordic, also occurring in the Eurasian species) species.

The marsh chickweed is not endangered in the entire range. In Germany, the marsh chickweed is common in the north, less common in the south and absent in the Alpine region. In Austria it occurs only in Upper and Lower Austria. In Austria it is very rare, where it thrives in the river valleys of the Danube and March. In Lower and Upper Austria it is on the red list under “Threatened with extinction”. It is very rare in southern Bavaria. Here it comes z. B. in Ampermoos and Loisachtal near Beuerberg. According to the Bavarian Red List 2003 and the German Red List 1996, the hazard is classified as 3 at risk. In Quebec , for example , she is a neophyte .

This lime-avoiding plant can be found on damp and swampy meadows, on banks, as well as ditches in the colline elevation . As information on the plant communities in which the marsh chickweed occurs, it is identified as a species of the order Caricetalia fuscae W. Koch 1926 em. Nordh. Named in 1937. Its main occurrences are in the associations Magnocaricion W. Koch 1926 and Calthion Tx. 1937.

Systematics

The first description of Stellaria palustris was in 1791 by Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart in Georg Franz Hoffmann : Deutschlands Flora or Botanisches Taschenbuch for the year 1791. Erlangen , 1, p. 152. A homonym is Stellaria palustris Ehrh. ex Retz. which was published in 1795 in Anders Jahan Retzius : Florae Scandinaviae Prodromus: .... 2nd edition, p. 106. Other synonyms for Stellaria palustris Ehrh. ex Hoffm. are: Alsine glauca (With.) Britton , Stellaria barthiana Schur , Stellaria dilleniana Moench , Stellaria fennica auct. non (Murb.) Perfil. , Stellaria glauca With. , Stellaria graminea L. var. Palustris Roth , Stellaria heterophylla Magnin , Stellaria laxmannii DC. , Stellaria litigiosa Magnin , Stellaria moenchii Magnin .

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Stellaria palustris at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. ↑ a b c data sheet at bayernflora .
  3. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  374 .
  4. ↑ Entry at tropicos .

Web links

Commons : Marsh chickweed ( Stellaria palustris )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files