Reichersberg Abbey
The Reichersberg is a monastery of the Congregation of the Austrian Augustinian canons . It is located on the Inn in Reichersberg in Upper Austria .
history
founding
The monastery was founded between 1080 and 1084 by Wernher von Reichersberg (from the Hemma Askuin family ) and his wife Dietbirga, a sister of Archbishop Gebhard von Salzburg (1060-1088). They chose St. Michael the Archangel as their patron saint. There is no charter of foundation for the monastery, nor was it “subsequently made”, as was often the case at that time. The pen's first records begin in the mid-12th century.
The founder's only son, Gebhard, died early. He drowned in a hunting accident in the Inn. The now childless couple converted the previous Reichersberg castle into a monastery, which Wernher's brother Aribo and his son Albuin very disappointed, as he had hoped for the inheritance. As a result of this dispute, the existence of the monastery was threatened with failure more than once. The monastery also included areas outside of it, for example a vineyard in Aschach on the Danube and property on Lake Millstatt .
At that time the area was in the area of the Hochstift Passau , but also in the sphere of influence of the Archbishop of Salzburg. The founder, Wernher, was related by marriage to the Archbishop of Salzburg, Gebhard von Helfenstein, and asked him, who was still in exile until 1086, for protection for his establishment. Wernher agreed that the monastery should be directly subordinate to the Salzburg Vogt and not to a subordinate. Above all in the 12th century, the nobility was able to expand its power over rule in hereditary bailiffs and therefore this condition probably gained in importance for the writers of the Reichersberg Chronicle.
In the 12th century
It is not known which monks were active in the monastery at the beginning, the chronicle from the 12th century speaks of canons according to the rules of St. Augustine, but this, like their origin, is not certain. Wernher joined himself and probably died before 1086, only around 1470 a tomb was built for the donor family, which can be admired in the collegiate church . Later several aristocratic families in the area had their burial place in Reichersberg, including the Counts Aham , who were buried in the collegiate church until 1881.
After Wernher's death, the canons were expelled several times, the first known provost Berwin (1110–1116) returned to Saxony with some of the canons for this reason. Even the second provost Gottschalk (1122–1132) could not hold out, but at least in 1126 inaugurated the collegiate church of St. Michael the Archangel.
Only Provost Gerhoch (1132–1169) was able to lead the pen to its first bloom. Even before his time as provost, Gerhoch was known as a radical theorist of canon reform up to Pope Innocent II . Gerhoch also wrote several important works of his time. He was appointed by Salzburg Archbishop Konrad I in 1132 to preserve the threatened monastery. Despite hostile neighbors, he managed to create a solid foundation. These include, for example, the women's choir monastery, which existed from 1137 to the 15th century, and the hospital, which was established in the middle of the 12th century. On a trip to Rome in 1142, he successfully asked for papal protection for the double monastery and its possessions. By 1144, disputes with Passau were also settled.
Archbishop Konrad gave the monastery tithes in 1144 for the area of the parishes of Pitten and Bromberg on the Lower Austrian-Hungarian border, which brought in enough money for the canons' chapel until 1149. In 1154, the property was expanded to include the nearby Münsteuer estate , and three years later, Bishop Konrad of Passau also transferred the parish belonging to it for pastoral care. The dispute with Erchenbert von Stein from the nearby Stein Castle over Münsteuer, however, lasted until Heinrich the Lion settled it in March 1176.
Gerhoch was able to request an imperial letter of protection from Friedrich I in 1162 , but soon fell out of favor because he was on the side of the Pope in the investiture dispute, like Archbishop Konrad II of Salzburg . After the imperial ban on Salzburg was imposed, Heinrich von Baumgarten , a son of Erchenbert, first plundered the disputed fief of Münsteuer twice on October 27, 1166 and burned the monastery down in 1167. Gerhoch was only able to return in 1168 and died on June 27, 1169 in the monastery, which was devastated but well armed for the future.
17th to 20th century
The relatively small Romanesque-Gothic monastery complex, together with the medieval library, was almost completely lost in a fire in 1624 . The monastery complex was rebuilt in the Baroque style by 1695. In the new building, the canons received single rooms instead of the common rooms that had been common up until then.
Since 1709 the body of the catacomb saint Claudius has been kept in a shrine on a side altar of the collegiate church . It was raised from the Kalixtus catacombs in 1668 and finally came into the possession of the then Auxiliary Bishop of Passau in Vienna, Johann Joachim Ignaz Count of Aham. After his death, the relics were donated by his heir Johann Franz Graf von Aham for the Aham's crypt chapel in the collegiate church.
In 1779 the Bavarian monastery came to Austria through the cession of the Innviertel in the Peace of Teschen and thus escaped secularization. From 1839 to 1928 the monastery owned Hackledt Castle, including an important property.
During the Nazi era , the monastery had to open a flying school from 1940 to 1945, but was not dissolved.
The main organ of the collegiate church was built in 1981 by Metzler Orgelbau .
present
In 2017, the Covenant of Canons consisted of 19 members who are active in pastoral care, schools, business and guest care or are studying.
The canons pay special attention to the common celebration of the Liturgy of the Hours, which is recited on weekdays and also sung on high feasts. On Wednesdays and Sundays there is the opportunity to take part in a guided tour of the church and the museum, which is given by one of the confreres. The large garden called "Herrengarten" invites you to linger and stroll.
The monastery complex is grouped around two courtyards. The property is still used intensively by the canons to this day: An inn offers regional specialties from the Innviertel. In the monastery shop there are specialties from Austrian monasteries. The monastery itself produces different grape varieties, liqueurs and brandies. The monastery also houses an education center, since 2004 a congress and event center and a guest house. The festival music in the monastery (formerly Reichersberger Sommer ) takes place annually with concerts.
Canons of the monastery
Provosts of Reichersberg
Other known canons
- Eduard Zöhrer (1810–1885), composer and dialect poet
- Rupert Haginger (1898–1945), shot dead for hoisting a white flag in a final phase crime
- Roman Foissner (* 1924), founder of the Reichersberg Music Summer
- Gregor Schauber (1937–2012), monastery archivist and historian
- Petrus Stockinger (* 1982), joined the Reichersberg Monastery in 2000, joined the Herzogenburg Monastery in 2005 , and became Provost in 2019
Reichersberg incorporated parish churches
Lower Austria
- 1147 parish church Scheiblingkirchen
- 1147 Parish Church of Thernberg
- 1160 parish church Bromberg
- 1192 Edlitz parish church
- 1456 Pitten parish church
- 1991 Bad Erlach parish church
Upper Austria
- 1126 Reichersberg Abbey and Parish Church
- 1458 Münsteuer parish church
- 1726 Parish Church of Lambrechte
- Parish church Ort im Innkreis
gallery
Fountain in the monastery courtyard
Arcade in the monastery
Hofrichterhaus with Stiftstor
Fountain in the Herrengarten
literature
- 900 years of the Augustinian Canons of Reichersberg . OLV-Buchverlag, Linz 1983, ISBN 3-85214-330-6 .
- Bernard Appel : History of the regulated Lateranensian canon monastery of St. Augustine at Reichersberg . Linz 1857 ( digitized version )
- Konrad Meindl : Catalogus omnium canonicorum regularium Reichersbergensium a prima fundatione usque ad annum jubilaei 1884 e documentis fide dignis conscriptus . Feichtinger, Linz 1884 (later continued by Weiß)
- Konrad Meindl: Die Grabmonumente des Chorherrnstiftes Reichersberg am Inn, in: Reports and communications of the Alterthums-Verein zu Wien 21 (1882), pp. 28–51.
- Konrad Meindl: Anniversary table of the Reichersberg collegiate church , Ried 1888.
- Konrad Meindl: Necrologium Collegii Reichersbergensis Canonicorum Regularium S. Augustini , Regensburg 1902.
- Konrad Meindl: Brief history of the regulated canons monastery Reichersberg am In , 2nd edition Munich 1902.
- Rudolf W. Schmidt: Reichersberg. In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 4, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-7001-3046-5 .
- Gerhoch Weiß : The canons of Reichersberg am Inn 1084-1934 , Ried im Innkreis 1934.
- Gerhoch Weiß (Ed.): Catalog of the reg. Latin Canons of the Reichersberg Abbey on the Inn . Reichersberg, 1948 (continuation of Meindl, Biographies of the Canons from 1884 to 1945)
- Walter Luger: Pens in Upper Austria and the adjacent areas , OÖ Landesverlag, Linz 1969, pp. 122–114.
- Wilhelm Gregor Schauber: The Reichersberg Abbey from the First to the Second World War , Graz (theol. Diss.) 1978.
- Dietmar Straub (Ed.): 900 years of Reichersberg Abbey. Augustinian Canons between Passau and Salzburg . State of Upper Austria, Office d. Oö. Provincial government, Department of Culture, Linz 1984, (exhibition catalog, exhibition of the State of Upper Austria, April 26 to Oct. 28, 1984 in the Reichersberg am Inn Abbey).
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ 900 years of the Augustinian Canons of Reichersberg . published by the Augustiner Canons' Monastery of Reichersberg, Linz 1983, p. 270.
- ↑ Petrus Stockinger : Saint Claudius, pray for us! On the story of a catacomb saint in Reichersberg Abbey In: The Bundschuh. Series of publications from the Museum Innviertler Volkskundehaus 6 (2003) 29-32.
- ↑ Biography of Eduard Zöhrer
- ↑ Description of the murder , in: Gottfried Gansinger: National Socialism in the Ried im Innkreis district: Resistance and persecution 1938-1945 , Innsbruck-Wien-Bozen (Studien Verlag) 2016
- ^ Biography of Gregor Schauber
Coordinates: 48 ° 20 ′ 13 ″ N , 13 ° 21 ′ 38 ″ E