Stubble mushrooms

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Stubble mushrooms
Bread stubble mushroom (Hydnum repandum)

Bread stubble mushroom ( Hydnum repandum )

Systematics
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Chanterelles (Cantharellales)
Family : Stubble relatives (Hydnaceae)
Genre : Stubble mushrooms
Scientific name
Hydnum
L.

The stubble mushrooms ( Hydnum ) are a genus of fungi from the family of the stubble mushroom relatives (Hydnaceae) and live in symbiosis with trees. The stalked fruiting bodies have a prickly hymenophore , only one shape is smooth.

The type species is the bread stubble mushroom ( Hydnum repandum ).

features

Macroscopic features

The fruit bodies are divided into a hat and a stem . Their color spectrum ranges from whitish to yellowish-brown to orange-reddish. The hats initially have a felt surface when they are young and later bald. They are seldom structured a bit flaky. Below they are covered with awl-shaped, whitish to orange-brown colored spines, which in turn are covered with the spore-producing fruit layer ( hymenium ). Only the rare form depauperatum of the ice-pore stubble mushroom has a smooth hymenophore. The spore powder leaves a white to yellowish ocher imprint. The full-fleshed stalk has grown centrally to the side of the hat. The meat ( trama ) is brittle, unzoned and sometimes tastes bitter with age.

Microscopic features

The hyphae system is monomitic. The thin-walled, partly inflated and branched fungal threads ( hyphae ) are transparent ( hyaline ) and have buckles on the transverse walls ( hyphae septa ). The cylindrical-club-shaped spore stands ( basidia ) also have buckles at the base. Usually four spherical to broadly elliptical spores mature per base . They are thin-walled, smooth, hyaline and show no color reaction ( inamyloid ) on contact with iodine solution . Sterile elements ( cystides ) are missing.

Generic delimitation

Other fleshy and hat-forming mushrooms that fructify on the ground , such as white spurs ( Bankera ), soot spores ( Boletopsis ) and brown spurs ( Sarcodon ), have colored or ornamented spores.

ecology

The fruiting bodies grow on the ground, rarely on modern wood. The stubble mushrooms form an ectomycorrhiza with the roots of trees .

species

14 species occur in Europe or are to be expected there.

Stubble mushrooms ( Hydnum ) in Europe
German name Scientific name Author quote
Whitish stubble mushroom Hydnum albidum s. auct. Europ. Peck 1887
Hydnum boreorepandum Niskanen, Liimat. & Niemelä 2018
Ellipsoidal stubble mushroom Hydnum ellipsosporum H. Ostrow & L. Beenken 2004
Hydnum ibericum Olariaga, Liimat. & Niskanen 2018
Hydnum jussii Niskanen, Liimat. & Kytöv. 2018
Hydnum magnorufescens Vizzini, Picillo & Contu 2013
Hydnum melitosarx Ruots., Huhtinen, Olariaga, Niskanen, Liimat. & Ammirati 2018
Hydnum mulsicolor Liimat. & Niskanen 2018
Ice-pore stubble mushroom Hydnum ovoideisporum Olariaga, Grebenc, Salcedo & MP Martín 2012
Hydnum ovoideisporum f. depauperatum Picillo, Vizzini & Contu 2013
Bread stubble mushroom Hydnum repandum Linnaeus 1753
Red-yellow or reddish stubble mushroom Hydnum rufescens Persoon 1800
Hydnum slovenicum Liimat. & Niskanen 2018
Hydnum subovoideisporum Niskanen & Liimat. 2018
Labeled stubble mushroom Hydnum umbilicatum Peck 1902
Ocher stubble mushroom Hydnum vesterholtii Olariaga, Grebenc, Salcedo & MP Martín 2012

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Achim Bollmann, Andreas Gminder , Peter Reil: List of illustrations of large European mushrooms . In: Yearbook of the Black Forest mushroom teaching show . 4th edition. Volume 2. Schwarzwälder Pilzlehrschau, 2007, ISSN  0932-920X (incl. CD with over 600 descriptions of the genre).
  2. ↑ Walter Jülich: The non-leaf mushrooms, gelatinous mushrooms and belly mushrooms . In: Small cryptogam flora . Volume IIb: Basidiomycetes. 1st chapter. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart / New York 1984, ISBN 3-437-20282-0 , p. 110 .
  3. ↑ Gernot Friebes: On the current state of knowledge of the stubble mushrooms (Hydnum) in Europe . In: The Tintling . tape 84. 5/2013 , 2013, p. 53-57 .
  4. ↑ Tine Grebenc, María P. Martin, Hojka Kraigher: Ribosomal ITS diversity among the European species of the genus Hydnum (Hydnaceae) . In: Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid . 66S1, 2009, ISSN  0211-1322 , p. 121-132 , doi : 10.3989 / ajbm.2221 ( PDF; 818 KB ).
  5. ↑ Ibai Olariaga, Tine Grebenc, Isabel Salcedo, María P. Martín: Two new species of Hydnum with ovoid basidiospores: H. ovoideisporum and H. vesterholtii. In: Mycologia . tape 104 , no. 6 , 2012, p. 1443-1455 , doi : 10.3852 / 11-378 .
  6. ↑ Alfredo Vizzini, B. Picillo, E. Ercole, p Voyron, Marco Contu: Detecting the variability of Hydnum ovoideisporum (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales) on the basis of Italian collections, and H. magnorufescens sp. nov. In: Mycosphere . tape 4 , no. 1 , 2013, p. 32-44 , doi : 10.5943 / mycosphere / 4/1/2 ( PDF; 644 KB ).
  7. ↑ Tuula Niskanen, Kare Liimatainen, Jorinde Nuytinck, Paul Kirk, Ibai Olariaga Ibarguren, Roberto Garibay-Orijel, Lorelei Norvell, Seppo Huhtinen, Ilkka Kytövuori, Juhani Ruotsalainen †, Tuomo Niemelä, Identifyingo and namersoo , Leho Tedi, Leho currently known diversity of the genus Hydnum, with an emphasis on European and North American taxa . In: Mycologia . tape 110 , no. 5 , 2018, p. 890-918 .

Web links

Commons : Stubble Mushrooms ( Hydnum )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files