Tallinn tram

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
tram
Tallinn tram
image
CAF Urbos AXL as line 4 on the Narva maantee .
Basic information
Country Estonia
city Tallinn
opening August 24, 1888
operator Tallinna Linnatranspordi
Infrastructure
Route length 19.7 km
Gauge 1067 mm ( cape track )
Power system 600 V = overhead line
Stops 33
Depots 2
business
Lines 4th
Line length 39 km
vehicles 66 Tatra KT4 , 12 KT6 and 16 CAF Urbos (AXL)
Top speed 70 km / h
Network plan
Schematic network plan since September 1, 2017

The Tallinn tram is the only tram network in Estonia and the only European network in Cape Gauge (1067 mm gauge). Together with the Tallinn trolleybus , it is the backbone of local public transport in the capital Tallinn . The tram system comprises four lines with a total line length of 39 kilometers. The Tallinn tram is operated with Tatra KT4 , KT6 and CAF Urbos AXL cars . The Tallinn tram, like the trolleybus and the city bus , is operated by the municipal transport company Tallinna Linnatranspordi AS . This emerged on July 19, 2012 from the predecessor company Tallinna Trammi- ja Trollibussikoondise AS (TTTK).

history

The horse tram opened in 1888

The horse tram in what was then Reval went into operation in 1888. The network with a gauge of 1067 millimeters ( Cape gauge ) was served by Belgian wagons and comprised the streets Narva maantee , Pärnu maantee and Tartu maantee . In 1902 the total length of the horse-drawn tram network was 7.24 kilometers.

In 1915, local companies built a steam tram route to take workers to the factories. It was a single-track line from the city center to the Kopli district . This had a track width of 1524 millimeters, as it was also used to transport goods to the port. Used steam trams from Saint Petersburg were used . In 1920 the line to the Baltic Railway Station was extended and in the same year it was converted to run with benzene.

During the First World War , the horse-drawn tram was stopped in 1918, only the steam tram to Kopli continued to run. The tram was reopened on May 13, 1921, but the former horse-drawn tram cars had now been converted to benzene engines.

Electric trams began operating on Narva Maantee Street on October 28, 1925 . The line was electrified with 600 volts direct current . In 1931, the line to Kopli was also converted to Cape Gauge. From then on it was only used by petrol trams.

Until 1940 the route length was 13.4 kilometers. In 1951 the line to Kopli was expanded to double tracks and two years later it was connected to the rest of the tram network. In 1954, after three years of construction, the depot on the Vana-Lõuna road was inaugurated. A year later, the route from Tartu maantee to Ülemiste was extended.

The renovation of the network and the planning of extensions did not begin until after 1990. On October 19, 2015, the route of lines 2 and 4 from Ülemiste was extended by two stops to Suur-Paala .

In 2013, free use of local public transport was introduced in one of the first major European cities.

On September 1, 2017, after several months of renovation, line 2 from Balti jaam to Kopli was put back into operation (line 1 was out of service during this time), thus completing the overall reconstruction and rehabilitation of the network; Another Kanuti stop has also been set up for better access to the old town. On the same day, the extension (branch line, used by line 4) from Ülemiste to Lennujaam (airport) was inaugurated.

In the medium term, another new line is to open up the ferry terminal, which is then to be connected to the airport at the other end by a new line 5.

All lines meet at the common Hobujaama stop in the city center.

Lines

  • Line 1 : Kopli ↔ Kadriorg
    It connects the Kopli industrial area ( Põhja-Tallinn district ), located on the peninsula of the same name in the north of the city, with the Kadriorg residential area ( city ​​center district ). Line 1 runs on a section over the oldest tram route in Tallinn.
  • Line 2 : Kopli ↔ Suur-Paala
    It connects Kopli with Ülemiste (south of Lasnamäe , Tallinn's largest district).
  • Line 3 : Tondi ↔ Kadriorg
    It connects the residential area Tondi in the Kristiine district with Kadriorg.
  • Line 4 : Tondi ↔ Lennujaam
    It connects the residential area of ​​Tondi with Tallinn Airport .

For a while there was also a line 5 that connected Tondi with Kopli.

statistics

Tallinn Tramway Statistics 1980–2009
year 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Line length (in km) 37.8 37.0 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0
number of vehicles 129 135 132 132 132 132 131 129 131 134 130 129 125 121 116 113 104 89 95 95 88 85
transported passengers (in millions) 78.3 99.6 105.9 100.3 103.3 75.3 16.0 35.2 35.6 36.9 30.6 29.3 34.9 29.2 30.8 31.1 27.8 25.1 26.2 26.4 25.3 25.2

vehicles

The first electric railcars were built with parts from Germany and Sweden in the factories in Tallinn. In 1940 there were 54 vehicles, including 20 electric railcars , nine benzene trams and 28  sidecars .

In the years 1955 to 1964, at the Gotha Coach Factory 50 per biaxial instinctual and sidecar procured, including 40  ET54 / EB54 (car numbers 51-70 / 151-70), a total of 32  T57 / B57 and ET59 / EB59 (car numbers 71- 86 / 171–186) and 18  T2-62 / B2-62 (car numbers 11, 87–99 / 111, 187–199). In the years 1965 to 1967, 50  articulated multiple units Gotha G4-61 were bought (car numbers 200-249). The Gothawagen G4 ended in 1988.

After 1973 all cars were purchased from the Czechoslovak company ČKD Tatra . By 1990, 60 Tatra T4SU cars (car numbers 250–309) and 73  Tatra KT4SU (car numbers 51–123) had been purchased. Up until 2007, used KT4D were added: 13 cars from the Gera tram , six cars from the Cottbus tram , one from the Frankfurt (Oder) tram and 16 from the Erfurt tram . The use of the Tatra T4 cars ended in 2005. In 2001, the expansion of the Tatra KT4 with a low-floor middle section to the type KT6, correctly KT6NF, a total of 27 cars were affected by the conversion. The Tatra wagons KT4 (including the extended to KT6) have the wagon numbers 51–180. From number 124 onwards, these are all acquisitions from the former GDR. Two-digit numbers are only used occasionally.

To renew the fleet, a contract was signed with the Spanish manufacturer CAF in 2012 , which involves the delivery of 16 vehicles with an option for a further four vehicles, a total of 20 new low-floor vehicles by 2016. The first CAF Urbos AXL vehicle arrived in Tallinn in November 2014 and was extensively tested and adapted by February 2015. The new CAF cars were given the car numbers beginning with number 501 and painted in white with orange elements.

The Urbos AXL are used (as of June 2017) on lines 3 and 4, and some KT4s are also used here. At that time there were still 12 KT6 in stock, which the Czech company Ekovia Electric had technically overhauled and fitted with more powerful motors.

Web links

Commons : Tallinn Tram  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Trams, trolleybuses, electric trains, underground ... ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hot.ee
  2. a b Uwe Lademann: Gotha car on Cape gauge. 100 years of tram in Tallinn . In: Verkehrsgeschichtliche Blätter . Volume 4, 1988, pp. 92-93 .
  3. André Anwar: Tallinn shows how it's done - free by bus and train: In Estonia's capital it has been possible since 2013, which is now being discussed in Germany. In: Sächsische Zeitung from 17./18. February 2018, p. 23. Also online , accessed on February 20, 2018.
  4. a b c BEKUS (d. I. Bernhard Kußmagk): Estonia: Tallinn - expansion of the route network. In: Straßenbahn Magazin , issue 8/2017, pp. 14/15.
  5. Ivo Köhler: KT4. The short articulated trolley from Prague . Verlag GVE, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-89218-104-0 , pp. 162-164 .
  6. http://tallinn.mashke.org/trams/tatra-kt4.html List of vehicles on the Tallinn tram ( Memento from August 28, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  7. Estonia: CAF delivers more trams to Tallinn on eurailpress.de . Retrieved September 29, 2017.