Styphnic acid
| Structural formula | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| General | |||||||||||||||||||
| Surname | Styphnic acid | ||||||||||||||||||
| other names |
|
||||||||||||||||||
| Molecular formula | C 6 H 3 N 3 O 8 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Brief description |
colorless crystals after vacuum sublimation; after contact with air deep yellow, hexagonal crystals |
||||||||||||||||||
| External identifiers / databases | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| properties | |||||||||||||||||||
| Molar mass | 245.11 g mol −1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Physical state |
firmly |
||||||||||||||||||
| density |
1.83 g cm −3 |
||||||||||||||||||
| Melting point |
175.5 ° C |
||||||||||||||||||
| boiling point |
257 ° C (deflagration) |
||||||||||||||||||
| solubility |
|
||||||||||||||||||
| safety instructions | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . | |||||||||||||||||||
Styphnic acid is an aromatic nitro compound that forms yellow crystals. It is a dibasic acid. The salts of styphnic acid are called styphnates . The lead salt, lead syphnate , is used in explosive technology in ignition charges.
Extraction and presentation
Styphnic acid is produced by reacting resorcinol with sulfuric acid to resorcinol disulfonic acid and subsequent nitration with nitric acid.
properties
- Yellow, hexagonal, astringent tasting crystals.
- Becomes almost colorless through sublimation in a high vacuum and turns yellow to yellow-brown again through contact with air.
- Deflagrated when heated quickly.
- Slightly soluble in cold water, soluble in hot water.
- Easily soluble in ethanol , ethyl acetate and ether . Crystallized from glacial acetic acid as a solvate .
- Styphnic acid forms addition compounds with characteristic melting points with many organic substances (aromatic hydrocarbons).
The connection is particularly explosive when dry due to impact, friction, heat and other ignition sources and is subject to the Explosives Act .
Table with important explosion-relevant properties: Oxygen balance −35.9% Nitrogen content 17.15% Normal gas volume 824 l kg −1 Explosion heat 3312 kJ kg −1 (H 2 O (l))
3204 kJ kg −1 (H 2 O (g))Specific energy 959 kJ kg −1 (68.1 mt / kg) Lead block bulge 28.4 cm 3 g −1 Deflagration point 257 ° C Steel sleeve test Limit diameter 14 mm Sensitivity to impact 7.4 Nm Rubbing sensitivity no reaction up to 353 N pin load
The compound is considered to be a relatively weak explosive that detonates with a strong initial ignition . The explosive power is slightly higher than that of TNT .
use
Its lead salt, lead typhnate, is used as an initial explosive in ignition charges.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Entry on 2,4,6-trinitroresorcinol in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 17, 2017(JavaScript required) .
- ↑ a b Entry on styphnic acid. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on March 25, 2014.
- ↑ Entry on styphnic acid in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m J. Köhler, R. Meyer, A. Homburg: Explosivstoffe. 10., completely revised. Edition. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2008, ISBN 978-3-527-32009-7 .
- ↑ L. Roth, U. Weller: Hazardous chemical reactions. 65th supplementary delivery, ecomed-Verlag, 2011.
- ↑ Explosives Act, Appendix I, List of Explosive Substances ( BGBl. 1975 I p. 853 ), to which the law is to be applied in full.
Web links
